Business Law Midterm - 4536 Words

Business Law II Exam I Review ____ 1. As part of a loan to pay for improvements to her restaurant, Courtney executes a negotiable instrument in favor of Tim. They are the only parties to the instrument. A negotiable instrument that has only two parties is The promissory note is the simplest form of commercial paper; it is simply a promise to pay money. A promissory note is a two-party instrument in which one person(known as the maker) makes an unconditional promise in writing to pay another person (the payee) a person specified by that person, or the bearer of instrument, a fixed amount of money, with or without interest, either on demand or at a specified, future time ____ 2. Johns oral promise to pay $300 to Paul†¦show more content†¦A security interest in collateral Must be obtained by possession. There must be an agreement by the debtor granting the creditor a security interest in particular property(collateral) or the secured party must have possession of the property. ____ 14. Agricultural Invest ments, Inc., files a financing statement to provide notice of its security interest in the property of Harbor Farms. The initial effective term of a financing statement is a period of The financial statement is effective for a period of five years from the date of filling, and it lapses unless a continuation statement has been filed before that time. ____ 15. First Federal Banks financing statement in collateral owned by Omega Manufacturing Company will soon expire. A continuation statement could extend the effectiveness of the financing statement for A continuation statement may be filed within 6 months before the five year expiration date. Upon timely filing of a continuation statement, the effectiveness of the initial financing statement continues for a period of five years commencing on the day on which the financing statement would have become ineffective. ____ 16. First National Bank lends $20,000 to Gary. A financing statement is filed on October 1, but the security agreement is not signed until Gary gets the money on October 4. Gary also borrows money from First State Bank, which advancesShow MoreRelatedBusiness Law Midterm1264 Words   |  6 PagesMidterm Responses Question 1: The issue here is whether Brian Logan was required to pay the $20 fee for the seminar to cover the cost of the handbook to Expert Investments Corp (EIC). Was an agreement ever made between the two parties (Brian and EIC)? A contract requires 1) an agreement, 2) consideration, 3) legality, and 4) capacity. An agreement is made when there is an offer with the intent to be bound by the offer, reasonably definite terms, and communication of offer to offeree by offerorRead MoreItb 305 Midterm Exam Latest Strayer951 Words   |  4 PagesITB 305 MIDTERM EXAM LATEST STRAYER To purchase this visit following link: https://coursehomework.com/product/itb-305-midterm-exam-latest-strayer/ Contact us at: HELP@COURSEHOMEWORK.COM ITB 305 MIDTERM EXAM LATEST STRAYER Course: International Business Environment Test: Midterm Exam Part 1 Instructions: This exam consist of 25 multiple choice questions and covers the material in chapters 1 through 3. 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Brand equity is a business having the clout and power of its product(s) to leverage that equity or clout for its need to raise capital or increase customers. Developing brand equity is important because it allows companies to interact with their customers in order to induce loyaltyRead MoreHrm 517 Week 6 Assignment 1 Planning Document896 Words   |  4 Pages2014 - Devry, ACCT 346 (Managerial Accounting), ACCT 346 Midterm Exam Updated DeVry, ACCT 504, ACCT 504 Week 8, ACCT 553, ART 101 Week 8, Ashford BUS 401, ASHFORD BUS 640, Ashford HIS 204, ASHFORD MAT 222 Week 3, BA 215 (Business Statistics), BA 215 All Assignments Week 1 -8 - Grantham, BA 225, BA 260, BA 265 (Business Law II), BA 265 (Business Law II) FINAL EXAM, BA 340 All Course Assignments, BA 340 Human Resource, BA 370 (Employment Law), BA 405 Multinational Management, BA 470 Week 3 - 5 - 6Read MoreSec 402 Wk 5 Midterm Exam3349 Words   |  14 PagesSEC 402 WK 5 MIDTERM EXAM To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/sec-402-wk-5-midterm-exam/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM SEC 402 WK 5 MIDTERM EXAM SEC 402 WK 5 Midterm Exam TRUE/FALSE 1. A SYN flood is characterized by the brute force transmission of requests for access to the target network, with the aim of overwhelming its capacity to receive them. 2. Computerized information is so tightly bound within the fabric of our society that its trustworthinessRead MorePublic Administration1077 Words   |  5 PagesMidterm Essay: Classical Organizational Theory Liberty University February 5, 2014 Midterm Essay: Classical Organizational Theory Classical Organizational Theory deals with the systematic processes necessary to make bureaucracy more efficient and effective. Name three scholars that are credited with the development of classical organization thought that most correctly fit into this definition of Classical Organizational Theory. What were the basic arguments articulated by each in their contributionsRead MoreThe Midterm Election Of Texas1128 Words   |  5 PagesThe midterm elections in Texas were something very big this year. 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Cloud Computing And Network Security - 790 Words

A.I. has been an up-and-coming topic recently having received multiple TEDtalks on the subject and having been argued about from some high profile individuals on social media along with a few experiments between two A.I. systems which, contrary to the popular news stories, did not get shut down due to apparent issues with the new language the machines created (Novet, 2017). With the near limitless possible applications of A.I. in today’s society, one that stands out to me is it’s potential to assist with the field of IT to include in particular cloud computing and network security. A.I. has the potential to help with how network security evolves to deal with external threats and how cloud computing can gather and store the information†¦show more content†¦This said, there is still the potential for an A.I. to lose out to hackers as an A.I. (as we currently view them) will never be as creative as those attempting to gain unauthorized access to a network. Accordi ng to an article on Information Age on the topic, this is where a hybrid approach could come in with the A.I. completing the bulk of the security testing with the occasional human interaction to â€Å"train† the system and help to correct false positives and introduce new techniques used by hackers. Instead of having your human employees spend their time on the almost mindless task of testing and scanning for potential security exploits, you could allow them to begin to think of more creative ways to test the systems in an attempt to stay one step ahead of hackers. Along with network security, A.I. could very well have a home when it comes to cloud computing where A.I. and machine learning systems have access to vast wealths of information to learn form and, in turn, feed information back into the cloud itself. Along with this, cloud computing can also help with an A.I. systems ability to learn the languages of humans and to communicate more accurately. 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The explanation of â€Å"cloud computing† from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [2] is that cloud computing enables omnipresent, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurableRead MoreEssay On Cloud Security1577 Words   |  7 PagesCloud Computing Security Yachi Kathuria Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Manav Rachna International University Email: yachikathuria16@gmail.com Abstract Being one of the largest growing technologies in the world right now, cloud computing is gaining a lot of popularity. Many people and organizations are moving from the traditional computing systems to the cloud computing. Giving so many benefits like low cost, high service availability and data accessibility, cloud computing isRead Morekudler fine foods risk management1362 Words   |  6 Pagestheir field, and much like most new technologies the use of wirelessly connected devices can pose a number of security concerns. 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Cloud computing can be the ability to use applications on the Internet that store and protect data while providing a service anything includingRead MoreDevelopment Of The First Operating System1728 Words   |  7 PagesSince the development of the first Operating System (OS) to today, there have been many vast and extraordinary improvements, including the introduction of the first QWERTY keyboard, the first Graphical User Interface (GUI), to the present day mobile computing capabilities of smart phones. There have been many drastic changes from the first computers to today’s modern PC, which has become an essential component of our everyday lives. These improvements in computer technology have allowed for the developmentRead MoreCloud Computing : Cloud Service Provider Security1520 Words   |  7 PagesCloud computing enables the sharing of resources such as storage, network, applications and software through internet. 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So, there is need to move from conventional VANET to Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) by combining VANET with cloud computing. Also, VANETs use an open medium for communication and consequently are exposed to security threats that impact their Reliability. We address some major design concern that willRead MoreThe Importance Of Cloud Computing1745 Words   |  7 PagesMisuse of Cloud Computing Resource 3.Data breaches 3.1 Malicious Insider 3.2 Online Cyber Theft 3.3 Cloud Security Attacks 3.3.1 Malware Injection Attack 3.3.2 Wrapper Attack 4. Countermeasures 4.1 Security Policy Enhancement 4.2 Access Management 4.3 Data Protection 4.4 Security Techniques Implementation 5. Conclusion Abstract Cloud Computing is collaborative, less expensive, and has gain an upper hand in the industry today through the use of the internet. However, cloud Computing

Persuasive Speech Essay free essay sample

â€Å"Kids who got paid all year under a very elegant scheme performed significantly better on their standardized reading tests at the end of the year. Statistically speaking, it was as if those kids had spent 3 extra months in school, compared to their peers, who did not get paid. † – Roland Fryer. Kids these days take school less and less seriously whether they’re lazy or bored in class; more students are failing or dropping out of high school. I propose that students get paid a set amount of money for every ‘A’ the student receives on his/her report card. By doing this we would: improve grades, reduce the number of dropouts, and teach them how to manage money, which all coincides with becoming an adult. We can improve the overall grades of students who are lazy or uninterested in doing work by incentivizing them with a set payment for each grade they get. Time magazine offered underprivileged college students to maintain at least a ‘C’ average and they would be paid $1000 per semester for a maximum of two terms. The students who were selected for this offer were 30% more likely to return the next year for college than the students who weren’t selected. In short, the students who were selected were more likely to come back to college the next year because they knew they would get paid. Roland Fryer also conducted a test in Dallas where he would pay students for each book they read, and the results were better than most of the other tests, where it increased test scores. While improving test scores is important, reducing the number of dropouts is also a crucial element in improving the school system. Reducing the number of high school dropouts has been a problem for many years and I believe that by incentivizing them with money, we can reduce their numbers. The annual number of high school dropouts in the US is about 3,030,000. That’s about 8,300 dropouts per day. That’s almost one percent of the US population. On average, a high school graduate will make $260,000 more than a high school dropout and graduates are eligible for 90% more jobs than a dropout would be. This, in turn leads to a better home, nicer cars, and a better way of life vs. what a dropouts prospects may be. Even so, all this money is useless if you don’t know how to properly manage it. Managing money would be an additional plus to getting paid for good grades because it would teach you the value of money and that you have to work for your money. Although, some people would argue that paying students for good grades doesn’t work or they can’t afford it or their child isn’t motivated by money. If that were the case, then all you have to do is find out what would motivate your child and offer that to them as a reward. A mother recently released her story about how she paid her child for every ‘A’ and ‘B’ they got but on ‘C’s and ‘D’s and ‘F’s they got nothing. She explained all the money they earned would go into their savings account until they were 16, and then they could spend it, save it, or invest it. At the age of 16, they were made to make a decision that adults would/should make. Their mom did this to teach them about the value and management of money. And so, even though money doesn’t motivate all students, the ones its does motivate improve themselves greatly after being paid. I believe that students should be paid for getting good grades because it would improve grades, reduce the number of dropouts, and teach them how to manage money. We recognize the many counts that money didn’t motivate students but evidence shows that the idea that we are introducing with money has increased the student’s grades and test scores in every test. I have researched this topic thoroughly and have quoted experts in this essay. After reading all this I hope you agree with me when I say that I hope they introduce a program that pays Students for getting good grades to help boost test scores and reduce the number of dropouts. According to Psychology Today, the United States has fallen behind other nations on key measures of education and approximately ? of student drop out before graduation Experts point to inadequate motivation as a key to the problem. Too many students are bored by school or distracted by unstable family life or any number of other diversions that face students today. Of course, learning has its own rewards, but some students respond best to CASH. If incentives for good grades can play a role in motivating learning, then wherever possible, these cash for grades programs should be put into effect. Another major reason to pay students for good grades is that these cash incentive programs have helped low-income students stay in school and get better grades. According to a study released by the social-policy research group MDRC, a non-partisan organization perhaps best known for evaluating welfare-to-work programs, cash incentive combined with counseling offered â€Å"real hope† to low-income and nontraditional students at two Louisiana community colleges. The program was simple: enroll in college at least half time, maintain at least a C average and earn $1000. 00 a semester for up to two terms. Participants were 30% more likely to register for a second semester than those students who were not enrolled in the program. And the students that were first offered the cash incentives were more likely than their peers to be enrolled in college a year after they had finished the two term program. Students offered the cash incentives in this program did not just enrolling more classes: they earned more credits and were more likely to attain a C average than nonparticipants. Although U. S. college enrollment has limbed, college completion rates have not. More case for grades incentive programs may help improve upon the number of college graduates among lower income students. There are critics in higher education that are concerned that cash incentives will encourage students to start taking easier courses to ensure they’ll do well enough to pocket the money. â€Å"Everyone knows what the gut classes are when you are in college†. Stated Kirabo Jackson, an assistant professor of labor economics at Cornell University who has studied cash incentives or high school students. â€Å"By rewarding people for a GPA, you are actually giving them an impetus to take an easier route through college†. Other critics note that students’ internal drive to learn may be sapped as they focus on getting an external reward. Paying for good grades is long a tactic of fed-up parents; the idea of paying for good grades has migrated from the family room to the classroom. In states ranging from Texas to Massachusetts, a growing number of students are pocketing cold cash for good grades or test scores. In Houston, Texas, a three month old, privately funded $1. 5 million program rewarded fifth-graders- and notably, their parents when they were able to master basic math standards. Each family stands to earn $1050. 00, not a small amount, especially in a community where 80% of the kids qualify for free or reduced-price lunch. Meanwhile, down the interstate, more than 10,000 Dallas, Texas students have earned up to $400. 00 for taking and passing Advanced Placement tests in a newly expanded $1. 5 million program funded by a private foundation. Most Americans and many educators feel uncomfortable with the idea of paying cash for good grades. According to the most recent national Phi Delta Kappa poll, one out of four Americans say students should be paid for their grades. There’s something about the practice that just feels†¦. wrong. Isn’t there greater value in reading a good book than a certificate for a cheese pizza or a new video game? Isn’t education cheapened when its sum value is a remote chance at a prize? A large number of schools are participating in a pay-for-grades program have seen test scores in reading and math go up by almost 40%. The program, named â€Å"The Sparks Program† will pay seventh graders up to $500. 00 and fourth graders as much as $250. 00 for good performances on 10 assessment tests. About two thirds of the 59 schools in the program improved their scores by margins above the citywide average. In conclusion, clearly there are 3 sides to the argument, mine, yours and the melding of the two, with regard to paying students to get good grades. I feel strongly, that some sort of incentive, or â€Å"payment† should be given to students who are not motivated towards education. The â€Å"reward† does not have to be monetary in nature, but could be what drives the individual- the latest new clothes, a new scooter, bike, or car. A trip, a vacation, or for some, even food on the table. Whatever the incentive is, using it to motivate students in any educational situation, I believe is a good tool for success.

Thomas Jefferson Essays (581 words) - Randolph Family Of Virginia

Thomas Jefferson Third President of the United States of America. Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) was the third president of the United States and a creator of the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson was a philosopher, politician, scientist, architect, inventor, musician, and writer. Thomas Jefferson was also one of the smartest leaders in history. His father was named Peter Jefferson, a very rich Farmer from Virginia. Thomas's Mother, Jane Randolph Jefferson, was part of the Randolph family. The Randolph Family was a big part of Virginia history, and also very rich also. Peter and Jane Jefferson moved to Goochland county, because Peter had just gotten 400 acres of land there. Thomas Jefferson was born in the log cabin in which the family lived. Thomas Jefferson was the third child out of four brother and six sisters. Two years after Thomas was born, William Randolph, a cousin of Mrs. Jefferson and a close friend of the family, died. His will requested that Peter Jefferson move to his estate, take care of the house and land, and make sure Randolph's four children get educated. The Jefferson's remained at Randolph's estate for seven years. The estate was called Shadwell. Thomas Jefferson was quite the little intelligent boy. At age nine, Thomas Jefferson Started Latin, Greek, and French Studies at a boarding school. Thomas liked to Horse back ride, Canoe, Hunt, and fish. When Thomas was fourteen years old, his father passed away. Thomas Jefferson was the oldest son, so Thomas had to take care of the family. Jefferson was a tall, slender boy with sandy reddish hair and fair skin that freckled and sunburned easily. A serious student, Thomas also enjoyed the lighter aspects of the education of a Virginia gentleman. Jefferson learned to dance and play the violin. Weekends and holidays Thomas spent either at Shadwell entertaining guests or at his friends' plantations. After two years at William and Mary (A College in Virginia's capital city), Jefferson left to study law. Thomas still studied French, Italian, and English history and literature. In 1767, Jefferson was chosen to the practice of law in Virginia. Jefferson's main source of income was his land. That's because most lawyers didn't make enough money back then. On New Year's Day, 1772, Jefferson married Martha Wayles Skelton, a 24-year-old widow. Patty (That's Jefferson called her) shared her husband's love of music and played the harpsichord and piano. The marriage was happy, except Mrs. Jefferson's ill health. Of their six children, only two, both of them girls, lived to maturity. Martha Jefferson died in 1782. The death of his wife had a profound effect on Jefferson and probably influenced his return to politics, which Thomas Jefferson had considered leaving. On June 21, 1775, Jefferson took his seat in Congress. The following summer, Jefferson sat in Congress as an elected delegate, not as an alternate. It was at this session that Thomas Jefferson wrote his most famous document, the Declaration of Independence. On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was formally adopted. The connections with America with Great Britain were broken. Within a few days the declaration was being read to people throughout the colonies, and it was received with great pride. Jefferson managed to spend considerable time with his family. Thomas took up building projects at Monticello and continued to develop his land. Jefferson was a philosopher a architect, and an inventor. Thomas invented the dumbwaiter, a swivel chair, a lamp-heater, and an improved plow. In May, 1784, Congress appointed Jefferson a diplomat. Jefferson was to go to France. There Thomas Jefferson was to help the other ministers, Benjamin Franklin and John Adams, in arranging commercial treaties with various European

Thames Valley Police Poster textual analysis Essays

Thames Valley Police Poster textual analysis Essays Thames Valley Police Poster textual analysis Essay Thames Valley Police Poster textual analysis Essay Essay Topic: The Long Valley The Second advertising campaign was issued in 2006/2007 by the origination Trident who produces posters to prevent gun crime. Trident work closely with the charity crime stoppers which help to solve a numerous amount offences across the United Kingdom, furthermore the metropolitan police are also working in support. Project trident positively have more supporting organizations such as connected, CSV, blink, NHS, child line, CSEF, outside chance and calling the shots. Finally the notorious underground group RollDeep are behind the campaign. The audience of the poster is directed at the eleven to nineteen year old teenagers living in London. The purpose of the image is to emphasize the reality of guns and life and connote the devastating consequences. It encourages and shocks the audience to prevent them from being gun men of the upcoming generation. However the image is also used to emphasize the issues to the rest of the population keeping them aware of the ongoing and horrific problem. At the center of the poster there lies a dead a body which clearly expresses the point and shock value of gun crime. As it is in the center of the poster it conveys typical conventions and personifies the message. This is used to visual highlight the consequences of guns which can be read effortlessly by the target audience. The white door shutting show that this is the end of the road along with no other presence suggests it is a lonely way to pass on. The closed black front door furthermore gives connotations of sadness and depression and emphasizes there is no going back. The amount of lockers helps to portray the scale of the situation, showing evidence that many deaths have occurred. A clock is situated on the wall to suggest there is still time to act upon your actions, on the other hand a fly killer is also located on the wall which represents the terrible realism and message that encourages the audience to not fall into the trap. Overall the main colour of the poster is white which signifies purity in the teenagers life and reflects his innocence. This creates the shocking message that it can happen to you, your friends or your family which gives it a personal tone and connection to the audience. Trident logo is written with a graffiti styled first letter witch appeals to teenagers, the rest is bold to give a more serious and formal aspect. The colour of the logo is white and the background is black, this contrast provides it to stand out and glue in the viewers mind. The text at the bottom reads carrying a gun can get you into the coolest places this strongly contrasts with the image and fore fills its purpose to stop teenagers possessing guns. This text is at the bottom of the poster in a conventional place that is in a formal and important font to personify the serious tone. More conventional aspects of the poster are the crime stoppers help line number, metropolitan police logo and website in the bottom right corner, with the aim of equally present vital information. Overall the poster connotes that guns can have a life changing effect to your life along with others and illustrates this well to its intended audience.

8 Tips for Students Starting College

8 Tips for Students Starting College With so many options available for college students, knowing how to make wise choices becomes critical for success. These eight tips can help set you up for a strong first-year experience. 1. Goto Class This is number one for a reason. College is an amazing experience, but you cant stay if you fail your courses. Missing class is one of the worst things you can do. Remember: your goal is to graduate. How are you going to do that if you cant even make it to class regularly?​ 2. Participate in Events Early on- Especially During Orientation Lets be honest: not all events aimed at first-year students are super exciting. Tours of the library and silly-sounding mixers may not be your thing. But they connect you to the campus, help you meet people, and prepare you for academic success. So roll your eyes if you must, but go.​ 3. Don't Go Home Every Weekend This can be especially tempting if you have a boyfriend or girlfriend at home or if you live close to your school. But going home every weekend prevents you from connecting with other students, getting comfortable with your campus, and making it your new home.​ 4. Take Risks Do things that are outside of your comfort zone. Never been to a program that explored a certain religion? Never tried a kind of food thats available in the cafeteria? Never introduced yourself to someone from a certain country? Step outside of your comfort zone and take some risks. You went to college to learn new stuff, right?​ 5. Sign Up for a Class You Know Nothing About Just because youre pre-med doesnt mean you cant take a course in astronomy. Expand your horizons and take a subject you never even considered.​ 6. Learn How to Say "No" This may be one of the most challenging skills to learn when youre first in school. But saying yes to everything that sounds fun, interesting, and exciting will lead you to trouble. Your academics will suffer, your time management will be horrible, and youll burn yourself out.​ 7. Ask for Help BeforeIt's Too Late Colleges are generally pretty good places; no one there wants to see you do poorly. If youre struggling in a class, ask your professor for help or go to a tutoring center. If youre having a hard time adjusting, talk to someone in the counseling center. Fixing a smaller problem is almost always easier than fixing a big one.​ 8. Stay on Top of Your Finances and Financial Aid It can be easy to forget that appointment with the Financial Aid Office or that deadline by which you had to submit a simple form. If you let your finances slip, however, you can quickly find yourself in a lot of trouble. Make sure youre sticking with ​your budget throughout the semester and that you always know the status of your financial aid package.

The Work Keys Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Work Keys Assessment - Essay Example The Union’s past practice argument cannot hold because the assessment test has already been given to previous applicants in the Technical Department.   The Union claimed that the company awarded the job to senior bidders in the past.   However, the Union did not take into consideration that seniority was not the only requirement, passing the assessment test was a minimum qualification for the position being bided for.3. Does it matter which type of assessment is used by the Company?  Yes, the type of assessment used by the Company matters because it will determine if a certain applicant is qualified to do the job or not.   The type of assessment should be able to measure the capabilities of the applicant which are necessary in accomplishing a certain job.4. If the Union alleged that the Work Keys Assessment was not valid, which party wouldhave to prove the validity?  The validity of the Work Keys Assessment should be proven by the company through the Subject Matter E xperts (SMEs) who designed it and approved its use.   The SMEs have been with the company for an average of more than 17 years.   As stated by the company, â€Å"Who better to determine the tasks and skills required for an entry-level position than those who have performed it?"   The SMEs are in a position to state that those who pass the test have the necessary skill levels for entry and effective performance in the extra hand position.5. You are the arbitrator. What is your decision? Why? If I were the arbitrator of the case, my decision is that Ms. Boone.

MOD 5 Discussion Determining Which Agency Should Command an ICS Post Essay

MOD 5 Discussion Determining Which Agency Should Command an ICS Post - Essay Example The infectious disease and chemical contamination are both hazardous to public health and require emergency response based on specialized tactics and strategic planning so that they do not threaten public safety or danger to public property. The ICS personal are specially trained for such events and therefore they should take over the command of the situation once the public announcement is made on the issue. Non-medical personnel/ managers often have make important decisions during a bio-terrorist attack because it involves integrated disaster response which also makes it necessary for them to develop quick networked solution that also includes close coordination of other agencies and volunteers to tackle the situation. Medical professionals are focused on the diseases and its impact on people but lack the managerial leadership to develop a networked approach that would expedite the process of early evacuation and treatment of victims/ patients (Ness, 2006). Most importantly, the expertise of ICS in disaster situation fundamentally relies on their abilities to coordinate different agencies and programs into a single agency for fast and efficient response to the crisis (Greene, 2002). They also have necessary skills, techniques and tools that can be deployed quickly for rescuing victims. (words:

Evaluate the Organization’s Involvement and Responsibility to the Community Essay Example for Free

Evaluate the Organization’s Involvement and Responsibility to the Community Essay Evelyn Hamilton, Aaron Pobleh and Regina Taylor CJA/474: Managing Criminal Justice Personnel November 26, 2012 Instructor: Pam McIver The term motivation and empowerment is a universal concept that is hoped to work towards the good of any organization. Motivation and empowerment does not come from rewards to employees but instead, recognition, responsibility and advancement. Leaders who are effective in motivating and empowering their staff have acquired a great achievement, which can increase efficiency, and self development of skills and abilities. When employers are concerned about the welfare and needs of their staff, this provides trust among staff. The purpose of this paper is to compare motivation and empowerment, define the components of empowerment, analyze the implications of empowerment and delegation in a criminal justice organization and analyze the role of trust in personnel issues. Compare motivation and empowerment Motivation and empowerment are two words that are very popular in every workplace. Generally when one mention motivation, everyone would think it is what employer gives their employees, unfortunately, motivation in the workplace goes way far beyond that. Motivating your employees gives them authority to do more work for you and do it better. According to businessdictionary. com, motivation is both internal and external factors which desire and energize people to become committed to a job, role, or subject, or to strive to reach a goal. While empowerment is management practices which allow the sharing of information, power, and rewards with employees so that they can take initiative, and make decision to solve problems, and improve themselves as well as enhance their performance (www. usinessdictionary. com). Everyone need to feel empowered regarding their work ethic on the job or being assertive in life challenges and changes, but without the key elements of self-motivation, assertiveness and the ability to make good decision how would they be able to motivate others. Mangers of an organization should show through their behavior and actions how provide the necessary skills to be productive and efficient. This in turn will produce hap pier employees. Define the components of empowerment In order to be an effective leader a person would need to be empowering by those below them and therefore allow them to take initiative on their own. A leader that has poor management skill fails to empower anyone underneath him. For example, an office manager as well as a beginner officer within the work place or in the field must feel good about performing on their own and not feeling they will be overly scrutinized regarding their errors. They must not fear the aftermaths or punishments for taking individual decision making. When this happens, employees began to shun management for fear always doing something wrong. Employers should provide positive communication to their staff (National Empowerment Center). There was a research designed to examine the concept word of empowerment in this programs sponsored by multiple examiner of the criminal justice it was first anticipated to create a working definition. After research the â€Å"elements of empowerment were identified, including access to information, ability to make choices, assertiveness, and self-esteem. Empowerment has both an individual and a group dimension (Tom Roger, 2011). This research studied participants in self-help programs for people with no self-motivation and the need for encouragement. At the beginning of the study,† it was stated numerous of the individuals involved empower in their research. It’s obviously the important theory concerning the essential to defining meaning of empowerment as part of the development. Although it â€Å"recognized that empowerment had elements in common with such concepts as self-esteem and self-efficacy, these concepts did not fully capture what was considered a distinctiveness about empowerment† (Tom Roger, 2011). In an earlier â€Å"debates empowerment was† considered â€Å"complex, multidimensional concept, and that it described a process rather than an event†. It was never â€Å"believe that an individual had to display every quality on the list in order to be considered† empowered (Tom Roger, 2011). Analyze the implications of empowerment and delegation in a criminal justice organization Today the style and practices of police leadership is changing rapidly. The term shared leadership is one being used by many police chiefs all across the country. They believe that this approach to management by sharing power and influence to individuals within the organization, who are otherwise hierarchical unequal, will view their leadership as a leadership which looks at the broader aspect of giving authority to employees which will allow them to make decisions, solve problems, and be held accountable for their actions (Mussellwhite, 2007). Whenever officers are empowered they become dedicated to their jobs. Because they are given the skills, resources, authority, opportunity to be motivated and committed to their jobs, roles, or duties. Something which is refers to as being dedicated. Employees empowerment in a police department which delegate assignments, allow officers to take responsibility of their jobs results. It also allows them to make decisions about it. When officers are delegated with responsibilities, it makes them think in decision making, take control, behave, and take actions responsively, because they know that they will be held accountable for their actions. Police departments that apply employee empowerment create an environment in which their officers are empowered, productive and are happy in their jobs. Such police departments do not limit their employees to information (Heathfield, 2012). Analyze the role of trust in personnel issues. The role of trust in personnel issues involves how employees relate and respond to their employer. For example, if an employer is more concerned about getting the job done employees will pick up on that and will respond to their employer in a negative way. But when employers’ show that they truly care about their employee’s well being they will respond in a positive way. It would be in the organizations best interest for employers to take time to get to know their employees. Employers should empower their staff by allowing them to make important decisions in reference to their day to day duties. This will cause employees to respect their employers which will also lead to trust. When employees trust and respect the organization they will do the best possible work they are capable of doing. This in turn will lead to accountability on the part of the employee (Mussellwhite, 2007). When an employer gains the trust of their staff, they will know how to motivate each individual person for the best outcome of the organization. Employees understand that no organization is a perfect organization. When employees know and feel important to the organization, respect and trust will deepen. Respect and trust will take an organization to higher creativity and increased efficiency (Forbes. com, 2009). Positive communication is the cornerstone to empowerment and trust within an organization. When employers take the time to consider their staff opinions and feedback on daily operations, this can cause higher productivity and increase efficiently. Employers should share information about the organization with their staff. This provides for a clear picture of how the organization is progressing or not progressing. This also produces trust among employees because employers trust their staff (Mussellwhite, 2007). Conclusion In conclusion, this paper compared motivation and empowerment, defined the components of empowerment, analyzed the implications of empowerment and delegation in a criminal justice organization and analyzed the role of trust in personnel issues. Motivation and empowerment is about providing production and management guidelines to employees and then allows them to operate in an independent manner. Empowerment and delegation within the criminal justice system involves sharing power and influence to individuals within the organization, who are otherwise hierarchical unequal. This leadership looks at the broader aspect of giving authority to employees which will allow them to make decisions, solve problems, and be held accountable for their actions. The components of empowerment are about communication, feedback and productivity. Employees should be trained properly so that trust is gained through empowerment. A motivated and empowered employee will respect and trust the organization which will lead to accountability and responsibility. Leaders can gain great achievement when they effectively motivate and empower their staff into self development of skills and abilities. References Chris Musselwhite, 2007. Inc. Motivation=Empowerment; retrieved on November 22, 2012 from www. inc. com/resources/leadership/articles/20070801 Employees Empowerment: How to Empower employees. Retrieved on November 22, 2012 from www. humanresources. about. com/od/employeeempowerment Empowerment in the Workplace ttp://ezinearticles. com/? Empowerment-in-the-Workplaceamp;id=6541445 Make sure your employees trust you or else. Forbes. com 2009. Retrieved from http://www. forbes. com/2009/03/23/trust-respect-employees-leadership-managing-blanchard. html. National Empowerment Center Article www. power2u. org/articles/empowerment/workingdef. html Susan Heathfield. 2012. What is Empowerment; Retrieved on November 22, 201 2 from www. businessdictionary. com/definition/empowerment. html What is Motivation; Retrieved on November 22, 2012 from www. Businessdictionary. com/definition/motivation. html

the rifle Essays -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Rifle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By: Gary Paulsen   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story â€Å"The Rifle† that took place in 1786 there was a gunsmith named Cornish McManus. He built a rifle that had the best accuracy and finish of all time. But a problem came up; he had a new wife to care for and had to sell the rifle. He sold it to a man named John Byam. He is a patriot fighting for independence in the Revolutionary war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While he fought in the war the first person he killed was a British officer and the rest of the troops were picked off one by one. All of Byam’s troops admired the rifle and asked to see it all the time. After the killing of the officer they had been chased to a British fort but hadn’t been seen. John sniped out one of the officer’s and hid in a nearby trench. Slowly John became known and admired by all, for his amazing skills.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One day John drank dirty water and got really sick. The rest of his troops knew it was only a matter of time before he died. Three days after he died and was buried with the others that died of sickness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After he died a woman named Sarah took it and put it in-between the...

Indias Elderly Face Growing Neglect Essay

The news which comes in the national news paper that elderly parents are being harassed, neglected, and even thrown out of the home, makes a citizen of India shameful and sad. This country was renowned for its good treatment to elderly as well as to the young since ages. The reason was the profound ethical and religious teaching which was prevalent in this country from ages. India being a land of multi lingual and multi religious back ground never one could have thought to see that elderly parents one day could be regarded as unwanted stranger in their own house. But, from a decade or two this unnatural phenomena suddenly appears with such a magnitude that one find himself bewildered how to accept it. Unfortunately this is a real hard fact through which the nation is passing. According to a survey 40% senior citizen living with their families are facing â€Å"emotional and physical abuse. † It is reported that one old grand mother is being thrown out in the garbage by her son and grand son where she ultimately died. India was land where elders were treated with respect and dignity. Mother and father in a house were just like a king and queen where they were treated as a commander of the house not by force but by the way of love and affection which was flourishing in the house. How this sudden change in the attitude of son of the same soil has appeared so abruptly. It is not the soil which has changed but the air and atmosphere of the land has gradually infested with foreign culture and artificial light and glamour as projected through the television and electronic media which has eroded the Indian culture of patience, gratitude and sacrifice. These qualities have been replaced by selfishness, impatience and greed. The basic cord which was binding the family life in the Indian societies was contentment, but now with even economical growth in the country the false sense of competition and show off added by gradually increasing cost of living in major cities in particular and through out India in general has added up towards the swing of this abnormal behavior of neglecting the parents in their old age. But the core cause for this type of behavior is the off shoot of a general apathy towards one religion in general The western cultural weaknesses of individualism at its height make its roads in our society which eroded our family bondage. According to a Non Governmental Organization (. NGO) namely ‘Help Age’ there is about 70 million pensioners in India. The frequent cases of old age abuse and harassment force Indian government to pass a bill â€Å"The maintenance, and welfare of parents and senior citizen Bill. This bill provides up to three months’ imprisonment for those who do not take care of their parents. But only one six cases comes to light, the study showed. This is simply because few parents would like to bring their children to court due to our old values and tradition. They will face the bad behavior of their children and tolerate it but feel shame to go to court. Anticipating the growing problem of old age abuse the government has already sanctioned to open 600 elderly home through out the country. One thing we must keep in mind whatever the government or the society try to accommodate this old age problem, providing all the facilities, it can not give the mental satisfaction which a senior citizen find from the love and affection of their children. The report which the Help Age India gives is more disturbing. It says â€Å"At Help Age India, 30 years ago when we started supporting old age homes, every body said this was western concept. Today every body accepts this not a western concept, this is the reality. †

Beliefs And Practices In China

The three main religions in China – Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism – originated at about the same time and share common beliefs in human goodness and the need to behave kindly and justly. However, they differ in their practices and, more importantly, in how they view deities and the afterlife. Derived from Confucius’ teachings around 500 BC, Confucianism emphasizes justice, sincerity, morality, and hierarchy.It emphasizes conduct and decorum over spirituality, emphasizing self-control and obedience instead of religious doctrine in the Judeo-Christian sense. Its practices include being sincere, just, and deferential to elders, since it embraces a strict view of worldly hierarchy and the need for etiquette rather than one governed by gods or an omnipotent single God. In this sense, it is less a religion than â€Å"a tradition of ritual/propriety† (Yao 191) which upholds sacrifices to heavenly, earthly, and ancestral spirits (generally performed in temple s).It is hard to define as a religion because it does not fit the Western world’s criteria and is more a tradition and code of behavior; indeed, it was initially used to govern the actions of China’s ancient bureaucrats. (Yao 39) Daoism evolved at about the same time as Confucianism and also embraces virtues like justice, patience, and decency. However, it is more of a religion than Confucianism because it mandates reverence for the Dao (roughly meaning â€Å"the way†), which is â€Å"a cosmic principle, permeating and infusing all aspects of creation with vitality.† (Oldstone-Moore 23) To become one with the Dao, one must attain enlightenment by practicing good, proper behavior in addition to cultivating a spiritual wisdom and serenity through unity with the Tao. Here, Taoism differs sharply from Confucianism, which does not place as much importance on cosmic forces or one’s spiritual nature. It also embraces a more concrete idea of the afterlife than Confucianism, since the Daoist view has the soul entering Hell, being forced to atone, and being reincarnated.(Oldstone-Moore 84-87) Originating in India at roughly the same time as Confucianism and Daoism, Buddhism shares with them the principles of harmony and balance, though to a Westerner it seems more like a religion than either of its fellow faiths. Indeed, its doctrines and rituals are more evolved and clearly-defined than those of China’s other two main religions. Like them, Buddhism teaches that while human nature is essentially good, the world is corrupt and one must practice pure-mindedness and good, just behavior.It also shares with Daoism the importance of seeking cosmic enlightenment, though Buddhists attain it through meditation and discipline. (Wangu 8) However, it also mandates a degree of asceticism (like varying degrees of vegetarianism) not required by Confucianism or Daoism, asking its laypeople to refrain from violence, theft, sexual misconduct, usi ng intoxicants, and â€Å"incorrect speech† (lying, gossiping, etc. ).Also, Buddhism’s concepts of the soul and afterlife are much more developed than those of either Confucianism or Daoism, and it places more emphasis on its written scriptures (which were committed to print during the first century AD). However, it has no supreme being and does not demand exclusive allegiance, as do Western religions; its appeal â€Å"has rested solely on the message of its founder and its flexibility in adapting to different cultures and philosophies. † (Wangu 10) China’s three chief religions share common traits and basic outlooks (which they openly exchanged over the centuries).Confucianism is the most secular and least spiritual, while Daoism has a more evolved sense of the spirit and afterlife and Buddhism the most evolved concepts of these, as well as the most involved code of practices. In all, they represent varying degrees of spirituality and what Westerners wou ld call â€Å"religion. † BIBLIOGRAPHY Oldstone-Moore, Jennifer. Taoism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Wangu, Madhu Bazaz. Buddhism. New York: Facts on File, 2002. Yao, Xinzhong. Religions of China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Essay 3 Final

Essay 3 Final Essay 3 Final Stephen Hayes Minto Writing 1 Everything is Confidence Everyone has the confidence to do what he or she wants in life. This is seen with professional athletes because they gave up a lot to be where they are in their life. Athletes have the confidence they need to be great in their sport, as well as in their lives. Most athletes take what they know about themselves and their confidence, and implement it into their entire lives. If something bad was to happen to a professional athlete and they were unable to compete in their sport or function in society, they may lose their confidence, and they will not want to compete again. It is the athlete that continues to practice or help others practice, when he cannot, is someone who has enough confidence in his ability. This type of confidence is more of a physical confidence used to intimidate and get pumped up, while Frederick Douglass the author of â€Å"Learning to Read†, talks about his life as a slave and he uses his confidence more as a mental confidence which he uses to made his lif e goal a reality. Douglass describes how he is able to read while being a slave. He feels that being able to read has been more of a curse to him than a blessing. The feeling of being able to read and write has given him great strength and confidence in his life. He may not be an athlete but he is facing the same type of problem as an athlete who can’t compete is also having. Douglass wants nothing more than to read but he knows he not allowed to. He goes on learning with the thought of how suicide because of what he is learning. Confidence is found in almost everything that is done in daily lives. Confidence can be used to motivate others and help them get through a tough game or practice. Confidence can be very hard to accomplish and the consequences may be high, but it will be worthwhile in the end. Douglass showed many hardships that he experienced when learning to read and write in his work learning to read, but he never gave up on what he truly wanted. Douglass never ga ve up because he was confident in himself that he would never give up on his life goal even though he was a slave. In Douglass’s essay he envy’s those slaves who are unable to read for they are unable to understand what they can achieve while; he knows the power of reading and writing. This has tormented him because he knows what is happening to every slave out there and how he is almost powerless to stop slave owners from owning slaves. Douglas states that â€Å"As I writhed under it, I would at times feel that learning to read had been a curse rather than a blessing. It had given me a view of my wretched condition, without remedy. It opened my eyes to the horrible pit, but no ladder upon which to get out. In moments of agony, I envied my fellow-slaves for their stupidity. I have often wished a beast. I preferred the condition of the meanest reptile to my own. Anything, no matter what, to get rid of thinking! It was this everlasting thinking of my condition that tormented me. There was no getting rid of it.† (193). This quote describes how after gaining the knowledge he wants; it makes him feel uneasy about what he has gotten himself apart of. In Douglas’s quote he hints at how being a slave is a horrible thing, but by being a slave who has the knowledge to read and comprehend, it becomes an incredibly overwhelming challenge. but knowing this he still has the confidence to keep learning whenever he can. He hints at how it is easier to just live your life without knowing than to push for important pieces of knowledge such as the ability to read; while those who did push for that important piece of knowledge like Douglas then excel in that field. He knew that it was against policy for a slave to learn to read and he would be punished severely if anyone were to find out, but he still went out of his way to learn whenever he could. He wanted more than anything to be free and have the same rights as everyone.

Im Writing a Trilogy (and How You Can, Too)

Im Writing a Trilogy (and How You Can, Too) Why I'm Writing a Trilogy - and Maybe You Should, Too After graduating with a degree in Biological Anthropology, Kara Timmins is now bringing her keen interest in evolutionary processes and natural systems into the fantasy genre with her first major release, Eloy's Discovery - book one in a trilogy. In this article, she talks about the power of three when it comes to storytelling, and offers tips for telling a cohesive, dynamic story in three parts. We can see evidence of the satisfaction found in groups of three all around us: Earth, Wind Fire; Lock, Stock, and Barrel (or Lock, Shock, and Barrel for you Nightmare Before Christmas fans); or The Good, The Bad and The Ugly. It’s everywhere.To sum up: people like trios.Now, enough about the mind and 600-year old art. Let’s talk about structuring a trilogy.The structure of my trilogyIt’s not an accident that my series is comprised of three books. Consumers are primed to understand and appreciate things in threes: as readers, we’re looking for ways to link, group, and interpret stories. This is an opportunity for writers, and I kept these expectations in mind while writing my series, The Eloy Trilogy.Each book in the trilogy is titled after a different phase of life: Discovery, Challenge, and Legacy, and is meant to feel like a different part of life. Within that framework, I’ve also broken up the three stories into three different obstacles: book one is man vs. circumstance, book two is man vs. man, and book three is man vs. nature.While it is a fantasy with magic and monsters, the structure of the novel is intended to represent familiar and relatable stages of life. A first love is a first love - whether you’re fighting ground-dwelling creatures or trying to get through sixth period in high school.Filling in the gaps between sequels and prequelsThe story is broken up into three for the reader, but not for Eloy, my protagonist. For Eloy, it’s just his life. Recognizing the distinction between what the reader sees and what the character sees helps create a sense of a gradient (another thing our minds like). For me, that transition is the best way to include parts of what happened in the past book into the next one in the series, without having to rely on an â€Å"info dump.† Eloy is a person, and though he lives and struggles in a world very different from our own, his underlying structure is the same as someone living: his past doesn’t fall away from him. He uses what has happened to him to try and make sense of the present and predict the future. This is where that gradient lives, in his reflection of the past and his actions based on that. Bringing a character's past into their present is the best way to avoid info-dumps in a book series. Finding the right editor for my trilogyIncorporating these layers feels like a lot - and it is! It’s hard to monitor cohesion when we’re shoulder-deep in a lump of clay on the spinning wheel.One of the most important aspects of writing The Eloy Trilogy was finding an editor willing to believe in the intention I have for this story. And I have found that in Chersti Nieveen. Chersti provides me guidance by steering my voice; she elevates it and keeps it on course. She knows what I’m trying to do, and more importantly, she knows what the audience wants. She’s there for me when a small change in book one causes rippling edits in book three: like combing out tangles, and just as painful.We’re united in our effort to link the business with the art, and, like Eloy surrounding himself with those who thrive where he is weak, it’s how I can foresee following this journey to the end. The rule of three has been used in storytelling for centuries. Read how it can benefit your book. The possibilities of what we can do using this already established structure of three are limitless. Readers will forgive us for selling three books when there’s a reason for it; when we’re giving them more than three free-floating stories. We may not be Hieronymus Bosch, but we can give them art.Eloy's Discovery, the first book in The Eloy Trilogy, is available in paperback and on Amazon Kindle.For more tips on writing a trilogy, check out our past Reedsy Live video: Writing a Genre Series: The Perils and Pitfalls.Please share your thoughts, experiences, or any questions for Kara Timmins in the comments below!

Applied Econometrics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Applied Econometrics - Assignment Example causes a reduction of median housing price by 0.028 in the first variant, a reduction of 0.027 in the second variant, and a reduction of 0.027 in the third variant. In the third variable, nitrogen oxide concentrations in parts per hundred million (NOX), the coefficients are 1.479 and 1.529 in the second and third variants respectively. These figures suggest that 1 percent change in nitrogen oxide concentration increases the medium housing price by 1.479 in the second variant and by 1.529 in the third variant. Beta coefficient is the measure of the sensitivity of the estimates in influencing the median housing price. In the estimates, the beta coefficient is the slope of the model summarized into ÃŽ ²0, ÃŽ ²1, ÃŽ ²4, ÃŽ ²3, and ÃŽ ²2. Normally, the coefficients would imply 1 percentage change in the estimate 1 and 2 would cause an increase of 0.566 and 0.0261. However, using the beta approach, the two coefficients are below, suggesting that they are below the median housing price. 6. Suppose in model (3) I added in the variable NOX DCHAS, resulting in ln(MVi) = ÃŽ ²0 + ÃŽ ²1RMi + ÃŽ ²2 ln(DISi) +ÃŽ ²3NOXi + ÃŽ ²4DCHAS;i + ÃŽ ²5 NOX DCHAS +Æ i . How would the interpretation of Æ 3 change in model (3) after the inclusion of this variable? What is the interpretation of Æ 5 in this model? 9. Given that the BP and White tests yield the same conclusion regarding the presence of heteroskedasticity, does this imply that the BP test is as good as the White test? Explain your reasoning in detail. Heteroskedasticity implies to the circumstance when the variability of a variable is unequal across the range of values of a second variable that predicts it. In this circumstance, it means that the Bp test is as good as the white test since in the presence of heteroskedasticity, it is expected to be different for variability, which is not the case. Heteroskedasticity does not necessarily imply an error, but only imply variableness, i.e. variability of a variable is unequal across the range of

Water and Air Pollution in Shanghai China Article

Water and Air Pollution in Shanghai China - Article Example Air and water pollution in Shanghai is caused mainly by industrialization and the rapid increase in population. Air pollution levels are through the roof and the water in most parts is not safe for drinking. Water and air pollution in Shanghai, China, has been of great concern to the government, environmentalists and the general public, as the effects continue to affect the environment while many people have gotten incurable diseases and some have died as a result of the two and addressing the issue can be of great importance to the environment, the population and the country. Causes of Air and Water Pollution in Shanghai Coal Coal has been used in China for many centuries. Historians believe that coal in China was used as early as 1000 B.C. since then, it has been a major source of energy in China. Currently, China is the largest producer of coal producing an approximately three billion tons. China consumes more than one billion tons of coal for production of energy. In fact, about 70% of Chinese energy is from coal. Energy is produced by burning the coal. This process leads to a number of by products including smog, soot, carbonaceous gases, methane, sulfur dioxides and nitrogen oxides. These gases are the major causes of air pollution in Shanghai and around China. Coal mining and combustion around Shanghai produces about 37% of air pollution (United Nations Technical Cooperation, 12). Coal use has also been associated with water pollution through several ways. Coal plants use large amounts of water for cooling the plant. Water is also used in these plants to remove impurities that may affect the combustion of coal. The water used has to be released at some point. The water may come into contact with the products and byproducts of coal for example methane, arsenic and particulates. At the same time, the rains may wash out some heavy metal compounds from coal. Coal is usually stored just outside the coal mines and is not covered in most cases (U.S Environmental Protection Agency 5). Whether water is released to a safe disposal place or not it has to find its way to the main water bodies in some way. It can be through run off after rains or through seepage through the rocks in the adjacent areas. Also, sulfur dioxides produced during the production of energy from coal forms a layer of cloud above the earth and leads to acid rain after precipitation landing on vegetat ion and water bodies. Environmentalists also believe that the particulates formed and aerosols are dispersed by wind and end up in the water bodies contaminating the water (Smil 233). Industrialization Shanghai is one of the largest industrial cities and ports in the world. There are more than 10,000 large industries in the city of varying products and services. All these industries have waste which has to be dumped off at some point. As of 1999, industrial waste in Shanghai was estimated to be at 999 million tones per year. 93% of the waste were treated by the rest remained untreated posing a possible pollutant to the environment. Domestic waste on the other hand was estimated to be 380,550 tones within the same period. The monitoring institution stated that most of the waste contained oils and dangerous chemicals which found their way into the water sources (Huizhen 3). Industrial waste and domestic waste in Shanghai has been on the increase since 1997. Many industries have been e stablished and the existing ones have to cope with the increased demand for the various products. The industrial sector has been growing at an average of 11% per year from 1978 to 2008 in China. With Shanghai being one of the major industrial cities, the growth is expected to be around the same rate if not better. The rapid growth in the sector was attributed to by the cheap

Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Architecture - Essay Example According to Isozaki, the poetic imagination stands out as the only way to restore architecture at a historical moment especially after it appeared to be ruined by creative lethargy of late-modernism (Petit, 2008, p.153). The poetic work of Isozaki gives a complex analysis of the Japanese city in terms of reflecting to the monstrosities of the disastrous war. The monstrosities highlights the existence of human nature and should, therefore, be included in the image of architecture. Isozaki utilizes the human life motive to make people understand the relationship that exists between the finitude of human life and the precariousness of architectural fantasies. By importantly combining effects of distorting and moving mirrors, image, light and sound, Isozaki develops an effective and bodily experience that turns the mirror image of exhibition hence leading to the realization of abstract and sterile approach of architecture (Petit, 2008, p.153). The linking of the architectural developments to the past experiences, and the related aesthetic of fragmentation, characterizes the contemporary architectural works of Isozaki. In fact, he argued that for an architect to evade mass consumption that might be cast by the technocrat and not abandon design, then the architect must be ready to maintain a relationship with reality, which in most cases is characterizes by ironical and paradoxical (Petit, 2008, p.157). This paper tries to analyze Isozaki Frankenstein architecture project and trying to understand how the project is significant both in relation to the development of city and the emergence of diverse range of medium in everyday life. In trying to do so, several literature will be reviewed. The paper will then review the concepts from other sources in response to the question above. Isozaki utilizes the concepts of paradoxical reference to the past to demonstrate

International Construction Contracts and Dispute Resolution

International Construction Contracts and Dispute Resolution Discuss the distinction between the role of the Engineer as an agent of the Employer and the Engineer as independent of the Employer. Discuss also whether the distinction is useful, and whether and where (and why) it might be abandoned or retained. In addition, consider and list the provisions in the FIDIC Conditions (Red Book) (1999 ed.) whereby the Engineer performs functions as: Agent of the Employer; and/or Independently of the Employer   The employer in a project is not an expert in the field of construction. The employer is one who only knows business thus, he needs someone with expert knowledge in the field to help him implement his project successfully. It is at this juncture the engineer comes into the scene who has the expert knowledge and helps the employer implement his project. He is employed by the employer and works for the employer in many different roles. As Dr Donald Charrett list out a series of thirteen roles that the engineer has to play, we can see that the engineers role comes into play much before the construction starts. Here it is the role that he plays after the contractor is appointed and the construction starts, we will see the multiplicity and conflict in his role as an engineer. The role that will be at focus in the essay, in broad terms is his role as an agent of the employer and as a decision maker. The essay will try to differentiate and discuss the roles in which the Engineer acts as an agent of the employer and roles where he acts independently from the employer. We will do this by looking out first as to how the concept of todays Engineer as an agent of the employer had developed and then discuss the different FIDIC condition that define and differentiate the role of the engineer. In the next part the discussion will focus on the independence of the engineer and will define the roles where the employer acts as an agent of the employer and where he is independent of the employer. I will deal with the provision of FICID not as a separate part, rather will list and discuss it with the first part of the question. At this stage I find it pertinent to first discuss who the engineer is according to FIDIC. The definition of an engineer can be found in sub clause 1.1.2.4 of red and yellow book: Engineer means the person appointed by the Employer to act as the Engineer for the purposes of the Contract and named in the Appendix to Tender, or other person appointed from time to time by the Employer and notified to the Contractor under Sub-Clause 3.4. This doesnt explain what the engineer job or role is as it has been dealt with by FICID under different sub-clauses under clause three. In a nut shell the Engineer is a individual whose role can be said to the project manager where he has to implement different aspect of the contract. In sub-clause 1.1.2.6 of red and yellow book the engineer is stated to be an employers personal. Sub-clause 1.1.2.6 stated: Employers personnel means the engineers, the assistant referred to in sub-clause 3.2 and all other staffs, labour and other employees of the engineer and of the employer; and any other personnel notified to the contractor, by the employer or the engineer, as the employers personnel. Looking at both the definition clause it becomes clear that the engineer is one who is appointed by the employer and is considered as employer personnel. One thing that come out clear from the definition clause is that the Engineer is always an employee of the Employer. The gives rise to the question, if the engineer can be independent at any circumstance though the contract or at the least be fair and impartial. The Engineer has multiple role to play which are related to the contract and some of his role as the Engineer starts much before the contractor is appointed. The Engineer was brought into the picture by the employer much before the contractor is appointed. The Engineer is brought in at the initiation stage as he is required to multiple works like assessing the design, advising on the contractor to the employer and sometime vet the projects viability to third party financer. With so many roles relating to the employer, can the engineer be expected to be independent. Historically it depended on the term of a contract to decide if the engineer was independent of the employer or not. In Ranger v Great Western Railway Co[1]the court by interpreting the contract found that the engineer was never independent and his decision were therefore the decision of the company. Whereas in in In re De Morgan, Snell Co. and Rio De Janeiro Flour Milling Co.[2], the chief engineer and the resident engineer were found to be independent from the employer. The basis was that where the engineer had autocratic control over the work and had the power to issue final and binding decision, was considered to be independent from both the contracting parties.[3] The courts saw this authority as a conflict of interest hence, applied very strict standard to the way engineers executed his authority and power.[4] This resulted in a change in The way the Engineer was related to the employer. The way the Engineer was related to the employer moved to a more modern form of the relationship we see today, where the Engineer mostly stands as an agent of the employer. The authority, duty and obligation ware still derived from a contract and this resulted in courts taking a stricter stance on the role of an engineer.   The courts have always imposed stricter and higher standard on the functioning of The Engineer. In cases where the contract engineer was the agent of the employer, the parties to the contract enter into the contract stating that the engineer has to undertake number of duties for the implementation of the project. Courts have mostly held that the engineer in case of absence of any words to the contrary in the contract is expected to act fairly in case of his role as a decision maker. Mc Farlan J in the case of Perini corporation v Commonwealth of Australia[5] had stated that, during the performance of all the duties under the contract the engineer will remain an employee of the government(Employer). Even during the discharge of his duty as a decision maker he continues to be the employee of the government, but he is still expected to act fairly and justly with skills towards both parties to the contract. In the modern form, we see that the engineer became an agent of the employer in his different roles under the contract, but he was still expected to act as an independent person should work, who must be fair, impartial and honest towards both the parties when acting in his role as a decision-maker under the traditional system. But the industry moved on from the independent form of the Engineer and the system of impartial Engineer as a decision-maker was adopted. The concept of an impartial engineer was incorporated in the modern form of contractual provision for construction contracts (FIDIC). 3.1 Fidic On The Role Of An Engineer The engineer under the old FIDIC red book was expected to act impartially. As was stated under sub-clause 2.6: (d) otherwise taking action which may affect the rights and obligations of the Employer or the Contractor, he shall exercise such discretion impartially within the. The incorporation and requirement of the impartiality of the Engineer was because of the realisation of the fact that there will always be a doubt on the impartiality. The presence of the doubt is because of the presence of conflict of interest as the Engineer is now the agent of the employer. Then over a period of time it was realised that the expectation of impartiality cannot be also confirmed. So there was again a change occurred from the requirement of being impartial to being fair. According to Ola Ø. Nisja the concept of fairness developed through case law in the common-law system as the engineer was expected to be a person with professional ethics and you can expect from him to be a fair decision maker. Ola Ø. Nisja   also states that the concept of a fair decision maker was not in common practice till the FIDIC form included it in their standard form of contract. Hence in the 1999 edition of FIDIC red book and yellow book the concept has been replaced with the concept of fairness with word fairly under clause 3.5 and the concept of impartiality wasdone away with. The reason being there will always be doubt on the impartiality of the engineer and that can be easily removed from the contract by words that can negate the expectation of impartiality. The thought has been made apparent by Lord Hoffmann in Balfour Beatty Civil Engineering Ltd v Docklands Light Railway[6] where he has stated that, the architect is the agent of the employer, so he is a professional man but can hardly be considered to be independent. He speaks of the architect who is appointed in the role of The Engineer, where you can still expect an individual to be fair if not independent or impartial. Intellectually speaking the concept of being fair is inherent to the nature of a decision maker that is expected in a common law system and it is easier to expect the engineer to be fair than being impartial. Even when the contract doesnt impose any obligation in any way, the engineer is still expected to act in a, honest, fair and reasonable manner when under taking the role of a decision-maker. The above observation comes from Balfour Beatty Civil Engineering Ltd v Docklands Light Railway Ltd only where there was no appointed engineer for the project and the employer itself through its own employee took up the duty of decision maker, he was still expected to be fair, honest and reasonable[7].   Other than the implied duty of acting impartially there is ex pressed duty under the code of ethic to act impartially also. Of the many issues that challenge the impartiality of the engineer one that, the engineer has to make a decision regarding to his own work. In such position there cannot be an expectation for impartiality at all. Of the many roles that Dr Donald Charrett list most of them have been infused into new role of an engineer in the modern time where he is the agent of an employer. As an agent, the duty of the engineer is to successfully implement the project which is surrounded around the condition that he has to work in the best interest of his employer. But as a decision maker he takes relief from his role as an agent of the employer and is expected to act as a neutral decision maker between the employer and contract and fairly decide the dispute. The clear differentiation of the engineers role can also be seen in standard form of contracts and specifically FIDIC. The role of an engineer is dealt in different sub-clause of clause three of both the FIDIC red and yellow book. Condition 3.1 deals with the duty and authority of an engineer and condition 3.1 (a) of both the red and yellow book state: Expect as otherwise stated in these condition:       Whenever carrying out duties or exercising authority, specified in or implied by the contract, the engineer shall be deemed to act for the employer; This makes it pretty clear that the employer is expected to act an agent of the employer in relation to any of the act he is required to do under the contract. And condition 3.5 of red and yellow book state deal with the role of an engineer as a decision maker, where it states that: If agreement is not achieved, the Engineer shall make a fair determination in accordance with the Contract, taking due regard of all relevant circumstances. It is clear from the wording of the FIDIC form of standard contract the engineer is in a position to represent the Employer in all matter, however he also has the obligation to discharge his contract obligation as a decision maker in a fair manner. Hence, of the many roles, an engineer plays, it is here as a decision maker, the engineer is expected to be fair and evenhanded when he is deciding the dispute. So, what we get in general is a person who is throughout the contract phase an agent but when required he has to act in the capacity of a decision maker and be neutral and fair. The sub-clause provides that he has to act fairly and even if the clause in struck out, under common law contracts there is an implied condition that the engineer still has to act fairly. Although the impartiality has been replaced with the concept of fairness, some author make it clear that the contractor should never assume that the engineer belongs to the employer but rather he should assume that the engineer acts independently and impartially according to his professional standards. The concept of an engineer is not discussed in the civil law system hence, may French courts have been seen struck down any clause which gave power to the engineer to decide a dispute. The problem here is that the role on an engineer and he operates is a common law developed concept which has been best explained by Mc Farlan J in Perini corporation v Commonwealth of Australia[8] . the essence of such a relationship where the engineer acts in dual capacity is that the parties have voluntarily agreed so in the contract. The parties have agreed that they will accept and bind themselves on matter that he is required to decide The engineers duty to act fairly is an obligation that is understood to arise from the term of contract. FIDIC condition is a standard form of contract and when adopted for any project makes it a valid form of contract and clause 3.5 makes its legally binding clause and if the engineers dont act fairly then it becomes a breach of contract. In a contract, it is the duty of the parties to follow the contract and act in good faith towards the fulfilment of the contract. Hence, the duty is somehow on the employer to see to it that the engineer acts fairly to honour the clause of the contract when acting as a decision maker as the Engineer is an employer personal according to the definition. The engineer is a person who may not be himself involved in the dispute but definitely has interest in the dispute. One he is deciding upon a dispute that is there because of a decision he took earlier relating to a work and second, he is deciding something which is going to affect both the parties, and he is related to one of the parties. Then the contract expects the Engineer to not only protect the employers interest, he will also be protecting his interests as his decision is related to one of his work only. While the Engineer takes over the role of the engineer he is still employed by the employer and his salary being paid by the employer so, when the engineer is acting as a decision maker he is getting paid by the employer only for that role too. In view the impeding nature of lack of independence in the role of an Engineer that the FIDIC books have two safe-guards when he is acting as a decision maker: to decide fairly and in accordance to the contract. Then again, to promote fairness the FIDIC book also prohibits the Employer from replacing the engineer with anyone against whom the contract raises any reasonable objection.[9] HHJ Jackson state the legal situation of an engineer in the best possible way in Scheldebouw BV v St James Homes (Grovernor Dock) Ltd [10] The terms of the contract according to which the engineer has to work determine the role and duty of the decision maker There cannot be an expectation that he decision maker is in anyway independent from the employer. But while acting as a decision maker the decision maker is expected to act in an independent, impartial, fair and honest manner. He should act using his professional skill to reach the right decision and should not indulge in any favourism towards his employer. The last point is of interest here where it states that he is expected to act in a manner which is independent from the employer. It gives the notion that the decision maker is never truly independent from his employer, but he is expected to shed that relation while acting as a decision maker. This makes it clear that a decision by the engineer can only be challenged in cases where there is a doubt of impartiality or lack of fairness. Hence, it must be remembered that doubt on the independence of the Engineer can be no more a ground for challenging the decision. However, the Engineer is expected to be fair and neutral, so any possibility or even the doubt of the presence of bias by the Engineer towards the Employers Interest in the decisions and determination of contractual disputes, provides the contractor with the opportunity and the avenue to appeal against the decision of the engineer. After going through the relevant provision of FIDIC, case laws and works of different field expert we can say that in the modern system of construction contract the concept of an independent contractor is not present any more. All the while the engineer is only expected to act independently but there is no actual individuality that is independent of the employer. As I have earlier stated the engineer is always paid a salary by the employer, even when he is acting as a decision maker so there cannot any presumption of independence. The FIDIC condition also moved on to the concept of a fair determination as impartiality can be in question and cant be always expected. The reason being there would always be doubt because the Engineer never stops being the agent of the Employer or as the FICID states Employers Personnel. According to Charles C MacDonald, the Engineer is one individual who lacks the necessary requirement of independence to make important decision, as he is appointed by the employer.[11] Even Redfurn and Hunter in their book agree that the engineer who is appointed by the employer will lack the necessary independence to make important decision.[12] As we take stock all that has been discussed till now all we can say in laymans language, the engineer is never independent but it is his duty to act in an independent manner.[13]   At the end, we can conclude that there is no real distinction between the role of the Engineer where he acts as the agent of the employer and a role which he takes up, that is independent from the employer. No provision in the FIDIC form of contract also differentiate between the role rather the provision make it clear that he remains as agent all the while till the contract is in place. There are safeguards to ensure impartiality and fair decision making but still role like the one of decision maker should not be in anyway related or inclined to any party.   This results in the lack of independence in the decision-making process as the trust in the engineer being fair is also lost. This has in the recent years has only resulted in using the Engineer as a decision maker only a procedural requirement as his decision is just a prerequisite to go for a DAB decision or arbitration. The present form has its advantages as it helps in resolving disputes quickly and is serving its purpose in most of the cases but also has in its own disadvantages. The engineers fairness will always remain a matter of question and doubt. There is no requirement to completely overhaul the present system, there is just a need to reduce the disadvantages. As recommended by Ola Ø. Nisja, one engineer can be appointed as the agent of the employer for all the roles presented by the contract, except the one of decision maker and when a dispute arises, a new engineer who is not part of the project be brought in to decide on the matter The concept of an independent Engineer in practice was lost long ago as we moved to the present form. An Engineer independent of the Employer is a myth.   However, as we saw, even as an agent of the employer the engineer has to act fairly while acting as a decision maker and giving determinations. It will always be a challenge to the role of an engineer but he has to overcome this shortcoming has to show real professionalism. [1] (1854) 5 HLC 72; 10 ER 824 [2] Hudsons Building Contracts (4th ed) Vol II 185 [3] Ibid, p 215 [4] ibid [5] Perini Corporation v Commonwealth of Australia [1969] 2 NSWLR 530. [6] Balfour Beatty Civil Engineering Ltd v Docklands Light Railway Ltd (1996) 78 BLR 42 [7] ibid [8] Perini (n 5). [9] Sub-clause 3.4 FIDIC Red book (1st ed) 1999 FIDIC Yellow Book (1st ed) 1999 [10] Scheldebouw BV v St James Homes (Grovernor Dock) Ltd [2006] EWHC 89 (TCC) [11] Charles C MacDonald, Allocation of Risk in Major Infrastructure Projects-Why do we get it so Wrong? ([2001] ICLR 345), [12] ibid [13] Scheldebouw (n 10)

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

The time has finally come. Fellow seniors, we are now on our own. It's time to take down our parking permits and clean out our binders one last time. Tonight is our graduation - a time to celebrate an end to a journey. Tonight is our commencement - the beginning of a new course. We've said goodbye to our teachers, signed yearbooks, paid our fines; now we celebrate 13 years of progress and friendship and we look forward to achieving our goals as we embark on a new odyssey. We've seen our last dance. We've yet to experience our first college lecture. We've heard our last announcements, now we eagerly look forward to making headlines. We've played in our last football game (in the Tacoma Dome), and now we are ready to start this game of life. Of all the institutions that structure American life, none are viewed with the combination of alarm and affection that high schools are. We invest them with tremendous and, perhaps, contradictory hopes: that they will nurture individual achievement as well as social development; that they will be havens from an often heartless world as well as preparation to enter it; that they will be sites of hard work as well as personal pleasure. We have finally gained our independence, and with that comes the opportunity to do anything we choose and head in any direction we wish. But with our newfound freedom comes anxiety and fear, sadness and reflection. Though our individual experiences at Sulzer are as unique as ourselves, we've all gained the fundamentals necessary to influence those around us. We shouldn't be afraid of what lies ahead because at 18, we can create our own destiny. We should look forward to the opportunities we how have as graduates. Though the world may seem unsettling, u... ... seen our last Mr. KHS and Gong Show, danced at our senior Prom, and acted in our last spring musical, but we have so much more to do. Though we are all reluctant to say goodbye to the friends we've made, we must look forward to the opportunities of the future. We have acquired traits during our tenure at Sulzer that will undoubtedly be useful in our future endeavors. We've been made great mathematicians, accomplished scientists, renowned writers, and famed actors. As first class students, we must seize the day, leave our footprints behind, and always reflect on our time and experiences shared at Sulzer. For those of you who still feel unprepared for the future, Dr. Seuss can reassure you. You have brains in your head; you have feet in your shoes; you can steer yourself any direction you choose. Thank you, congratulations, and happy father's day.

Power of Love Essay

We all need love to be able to be connected to others. The more connected you are to a person the more that you are healthier and love is very essential for life, mind, heart, and it is oxygen to the brain. It is important to have love in life. We grow to love others because if comes from within and from our hearts. We need to love to survive to feel the need to belong to someone. Frequently people grow accustomed to each other when they have love in their lives. Frequently, people encounter situations in their environment in which it is impossible to not be with another person when they are in love and feel a bond between each other. It is therefore of great importance for one’s attention and process to be connected to each other through love. I believe love is something that sweeps us off our feet that takes our breath away with that someone special and that special feeling that is shared between two people. It is something that we all need. Love to me is a flower, a word, a song a note something special between two people emotionally. Love is like the best medicine for anything. but many of our ideas about it are wrong. The less love you have, the more depressed you are likely to feel. (By Ellen McGrath, published on December 01, 2002 – last reviewed on March 30, 2009) I have learned that when people are depressed it is because they don’t love themselves and therefore they can’t love anyone else. It is sad to think that so many of us in today’s society are really very sadly depressed and that we feel we have to have someone in our life and that we miss interpret lonely it to love. I have done this before where I have been depressed and have had someone in my life and thought it was love and it was not. I guess when I didn’t love myself, I was not sure how to signal out the two or how to differentiate. Being depressed can attract you to someone, and it totally can be the wrong person for us. What attracts us to another person is there character, personality, Their smile their vulnerability and how they treat us and draw us close to them. We are less likely to befriend someone from another culture because it is more interesting due to other cultures backgrounds, accents. We choose others from other cultures than our own culture because it isn’t new anymore and it is of the same likes as our own. The attribution of attraction is they include. In our textbooks we read about Proximity and that is how our friends lived close to us as we grew up and how the friendships developed over the length of time. Friendship developed (Nahemow & Lawton, 1975). We all know that friendships grow after getting to know someone, and this closeness becomes very easy to win over and turn into a relationship. Just like when we go to school we have classes together and we sit among each other and of course that will develop into making more friends if not relationships and then start making closer bonds with friends. Then there is association where we tend to express our opinions about other people and share our insights with others. We also share similarities and we sometimes associate that with attractiveness and likeness which is something two people share that can result in bonding between two people that share the same qualities. (Neimeyer & Mitchell, 1988) Then we simply tend to like those who like us back or are similar to what we are like. It is a great sense of feeling when you know that you are interacting with someone that is a lot like yourself and that that person likes you back and that you both get a long that you don’t have to pretend to be someone else and that you both get along exceptionally well. We feel good when we are around somebody. We tend to report a higher level of attraction toward that person (Forgas, 1992; Zajonc & McIntosh, 1992) Physical attraction plays a role in who we care to be friends with. Even though that sometimes doesn’t mean that we may be attracted to that person or that we choose that person to be with it is just an attraction that happens between two people who have very similar likes. We can’t help who we are attracted to and who we end up with. It isn’t something we plan it is something that just happens. Opposites attract and that sometimes can bring two people phys ically closer in a relationship than a friendship. Sometimes attractive people attract other attractive people and sometimes attraction has nothing to do with looks what so ever. It is just a mutual or physical bonding that brings two people together. Sometimes a tall person may be attracted to a person who is a short person. A skinny person can be with a heavy person. Attraction isn’t about money, wealth, fame, or young, old or anything like that. It is a feeling that two people share no matter the circumstances and it is the way things are. The human need to build bonds in a relationship is because as human nature we just want to belong to someone. We have basic needs just as an infant needs their mother to carry them, hold them and nurture them so do we. As we get older we need someone to hold us and care for us and tell us that things are going to be okay. It provides stability, security, It totally assist in growth between two people. Just like anything in life we need the use of water, shelter and warmth and we need to be able to have some form of survival in our lives. We need that comfort and that love and that closeness that we feel only one person can give to us. That is what we need to be able to have that human bond in life. Yes we do have an innate to belong of course most definitely because we all want love and we all want to be loved and we all want to love back. We all fear being alone as we grow older and we all fear that everyone will leave us one day and it is a very scary feeling. Many people tend to h ave panic attacks just knowing that they will be alone and that is very depressing. From the very beginning of life In my opinion and in my own life ,I would have to say that loneliness is a very sad feeling and it is a feeling of emotion of being disconnected from society from family, from life in general. It is like when you feel the loss of a loved one that has been in your life for many years and they are no longer around you sense loneliness all around you feel like you have lost your best friend and you feel so isolated and you can be around friends and family all day long and you can feel good on the outside and yet still be dying on the inside with anxiety and panic worrying that you are alone that nobody cares. It is obvious that humans have an innate need to feel connected. We are social beings with many needs and a want and need to belong. Robert Sternberg’s theory he explained the differences of love and that they consisted of three different kind of loves: he des cribed intimacy as a need for emotional connection which is shared between two people who have desire for each other and share intimate feelings. Then he shared passion as he explained passion, he expressed it as a sexual attraction that was a motivational drive that was shared between two people who had such a desire for one another and passion he described as two people who had very deep attractiveness for each other. To me consummated love is between a husband and a wife in a committed union. and that is as Robert Sternberg said it is a thoughtful part of love; it involves first deciding one is â€Å"in love,† which, over time, develops into a lasting commitment to a relationship or person. (Nevid & Rathus, 2005) Romantic love to me is a love that is where you hold hands and you get butterflies. Where intimacy is involved even it is it is not a committed relationship but it is shared between to physically drawn individuals. Romantic lovers look at each other through â€Å"rose colored glasses† not seeing each other’s flaws. (Nevid & Rathus, 2005) Empty love to me is a love where two people are married and yet aren’t in love with one another anymore but they stay together because of security and emotional ties and years have been invested. They stay together for fear of being alone and they deal with each other because it’s out of respect. (Nevid & Rathus, 2005) in today’s society so many people can relate to this sort of love because so many people remain together for their children not realizing that staying together is making the children miserable and that eventually they will grow up and leave the nest making their own lives elsewhere. I think this is such a sad love. Infatuation is a relationship based on passion, with no intimacy or commitment. Infatuation is characterized by passionate attraction on sight, and an example of such would be a one night stand. (Nevid & Rathus, 2005) Why do so many people want to stay together and ruin their lives in an empty love relationship? Th ey don’t realize that by being honest with themselves they could start a new with someone else and be totally happy. Today so many men have affairs in an empty love relationship even if they are secure, have fear and stay together because of finances and obligations. Why can’t we all just be happy and be with the one person that makes us the happiest. I know this feeling all too well and I chose to walk away from an empty love. Free to be happy, Free to independent, free to be free and not with someone out of obligation. It is sad to be with someone who you don’t desire or love anymore. It is not right to make someone stay with you just because you have been together for so long. I longed to be desired and loved and wanted and needed with someone who truly loved me and was willing to make a commitment and give themselves to me entirely. I chose to be with someone who I am in love with and who has my heart. Not someone I feel an obligation or duty to at all. That is like saying, If I wanted a maid, I would have married a maid.â€Å" But I married a partner, A best friend, my soul mate my companion and my everything. That to me is a genuine love and so many people don’t know what they are looking for in life and it’s the saddest thing if you ask me. References: Referred By Ellen McGrath, published on December 01, 2002 – last reviewed on March 30, 2009 http://beta.in-mind.org http://panicdisorder.about http://voices.yahoo.com/sternbergs-theory-love