John Wayne Gacy Murder Trial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

John Wayne Gacy Murder Trial - Essay Example John Wayne Gacy was an American who was sentenced for homicide and rapes. Proof showed that somewhere in the range of 1972 and 1978, he killed and explicitly attacked in any event 33 youngsters and high school young men. Because of his sequential murdering, he earned the tag â€Å"Killer Clown†. Additionally, proof shows that the litigant was carrying on with a twofold life; that of submitting murders and that of participating in political and magnanimous exercises. Murder preliminaries show that he was indicted for additional killings than some other individual in the American history. In view of this memorable homicide preliminary, along these lines, this paper will break down the case and archive and react to various issues identifying with the case (Mendenhall, 1996).  Since the offenses that the litigant submitted were â€Å"unusual†, it is essential to comprehend the particular mental qualities and examples that may be surmised from him. The declaration that was made during the preliminary showed that Gacy had mental qualities and examples that undeniably delineated his monstrous activities. The individuals who worked for him affirmed that he was brutal and by and large demonstrated an aim to submit rapes; really, they affirmed that they had endure sexual and fierce experiences with him (Amirante and Broderick, 2011). Companions, family and his previous representatives likewise affirmed that Gacy had temperament swings and was â€Å"awfully tricky†, an attribute he used to prevail with regards to cuffing them. A large portion of the sixty observers who affirmed during preliminary paid heed to these attributes and examples. Since such attributes are frequently connected with the crazy, this was not the situation with Gacy as analy sts had affirmed that he was normal, and he submitted the offenses while in sound psyche. Clinicians and clinical specialists who affirmed for the protection concurred that he was wise and liberal.

Nectar In A Sieve & Don’t Be Afraid Gringo

The connection among center and fringe countries can be seen by taking a gander at the encounters of the individuals in the books, â€Å"Nectar In A Sieve† by Kamala Merkandaya and â€Å"Don't Be Afraid Gringo† by Media Benjamin. In both the books Rukmani and Elvia portray the progressions brought about by the different phases of private enterprise brought by Great Britain in India and by the United States in Honduras individually. The center fringe relations between these nations lead to numerous cultural issues and these two ladies manage these issues, particularly the issues relating to land and instruction. In the two Rukmani and Elvia's case land was the most significant asset required for delivering staples, which was utilized as a wellspring of income and food. Instruction, in this setting alludes to the degree of mindfulness individuals had about the impact of center nations on the fringe countries and how the individuals saw this reliance. Rukmani and her family lived under a feudalistic framework and the appearance of the British tannery brought about isolated industrialization in a rice cultivating town which prompted family breaking down, maltreatment of intensity and land and to a minor diminishing in feudalism. It additionally prompted a move from lower class to low classes. Elvia lived in a semi-feudalistic framework in Honduras with exceptionally inconsistent dissemination of land and riches. The entire of Honduras, including different establishments like the Government and the congregation were affected by the U. S who with their political and financial impact utilized Honduras for the extraction of assets and furthermore for its own political security in the North American landmass. In â€Å"Nectar In A Sieve† Rukmani was hitched to a sharecropper called Nathan who dealt with rice fields and earned his job by offering his gather to the proprietor. He didn't have his own territory thus whatever he earned went towards paying for the lease ashore. A large portion of the residents there, including Nathan were sharecroppers who created for their own fundamental needs and not for the market. The town set up a cowhide tannery in Rukmani's town whose appearance prompted isolated industrialization and furthermore to an adjustment in feudalism. Rukmani and the entire town's life were influenced, as their town turned into a â€Å"growing town† (Merkandaya 50) The tannery proprietors purchased the land from the landowners and followed through on great costs for it. This isolated industrialization debilitated the unification of the town and caused extraordinary strife for everybody, particularly Rukmani and her family. It deteriorated her family by making a requirement for her children to go work in the tannery. The extension of the tannery additionally prompted a misfortune in client rights the same number of individuals, including Rukmani and her family was commenced the land they used to live on for a considerable length of time, with no place to go to. In this manner they had to go to a urban city and become low classes. Appearance of expansionism in the town prompted free enterprise, while keeping the feudalism flawless. In spite of the fact that the two frameworks worked at the same time, private enterprise gradually exceeded feudalism as the tannery â€Å"grew and thrived and spread†(51), it got the force and turned out to be financially prosperous which permitted the development of the tannery. Private enterprise in the town changed a portion of the townspeople from laborers to semi low classes as they began working in the tannery. Then again the average cost for basic items went up thus did the degree of destitution because of halfway urbanization. The tannery extricated the assets utilizing modest and surplus work and repatriated the benefits for free enterprise amassing and denied the town of if. In â€Å"Don't Be Afraid Gringo†, Elvia Alvarado discusses the lives of the â€Å"campesinos† living in Honduras. She was a poor worker living in a provincial town and had a place with an exceptionally poor family that would never possess land. An amazing majority rotated around social work and helping the individual campesinos who were confronting cruel occasions because of the impact of the center. Elvia was proactive and opposed to changes realized by the amazing tip top of their general public. So her essential employment was to recuperate land which legitimately had a place with the campesinos however was in the possession of a couple of tip top who were utilizing it for their own advantage. Instruction as portrayed later in the article made mindfulness about the shameful acts done by the incredible tip top and aided in her battle for recouping land for the campesinos. The campesinos relied upon land, as it was the essential wellspring of food and income. Staples created in Honduras were traded to the U. S markets at exceptionally low costs. The U. S had additionally cornered capital by bringing innovation into Honduras yet this was just being utilized to separate assets. This brought about joblessness as mechanized machines as on account of the banana organizations supplanted physical work. Honduras was under a semi medieval method of creation with an inconsistent dispersion of land. In spite of the fact that free enterprise was available in urbanized zones, the greater part of the land was under medieval control with laborers battling for land which was detracted from them. The administration didn't â€Å"do anything to make the campesino's life any simpler. â€Å"(Benjamin 25) The provincial zones didn't have god transportation and carrying the harvests to the business sectors was exceptionally troublesome. Campesinos without land worked â€Å"as day workers, either for a landowner or for another campesino†(Benjamin 20) for insignificant wages. U. S utilizing its effect on the Honduran government and the neighborhood world class removed some valuable assets like coal and valuable pearls and the benefits related with them were never reinvested in Honduras. The U. S likewise utilized Honduran land for keeping up territorial security. Utilizing Honduras vital situation in Central America, they set up army installations and sent soldiers to Honduras to assist government with keeping up inward control. The cultural issue of training realized by the center outskirts connections in the two Rukmani and Elvia's life, in this setting manages the degree of mindfulness the two ladies and their separate social orders have about the impact of center countries and their reliance on them. In spite of the fact that Rukmani was semi educated and could peruse and compose, she was not knowledgeable with what was occurring around her. She was an extremely detached resistor and never offered any protection from the improvement of private enterprise. She predicted the ramifications of private enterprise by the appearance of the tannery and the reliance related with it. Consequently she needed to give every one of her youngsters instruction since she realized training was the main thing that could cause her kids to understand the impacts of reliance on center. Her enduring alongside the enduring of different locals shows the absence of mindfulness they had about the destructive impacts of the British colonization. Elvia just got appropriate tutoring till the subsequent evaluation thus she was essentially uneducated yet she generally had the tendency to learn. As she grew up, she got mindful of the unsafe impacts of Hondurans' reliance on the U. S and how private enterprise from the piece of the U. S in Honduras was ransacking the assets out of Honduras. Despite the fact that she never had legitimate tutoring, the excitement to find out about the current undertakings made her increasingly curious. Elvia took a few courses with the congregation and afterward began filling in as a social specialist that headed out to better places and made mindfulness about general issues relating to their lives and society. She likewise took a few courses from the Agrarian Reform Institute, which significantly improved her composing aptitudes. Later on in her life, when the congregation likewise impacted by the Honduran government that was affected by the U. S diminished the help to her gathering, she got free and started teaching and sorting out the campesinos to battle for their privileges. She started recuperating land that had a place with the campesinos however was in the possession of the first class. Her insight into the Agrarian Reform Laws helped her battle with the legislature for the shameful acts done to the campesinos. She was in this manner ready to perceive imposing business model free enterprise by the U. S just like the reason for neediness in Honduras. Taking a gander at the contention introduced in this exposition it very well may be seen that the two Rukmani and Elvia's lives were extraordinarily influenced by the impacts of center outskirts relations and they confronted incredible issues with issues of land and training.

Marketing research Exploring University of Leicester Students Essay

Showcasing research Exploring University of Leicester Students Perception of Healthy Eating and Food Consumption - Essay Example It is been seen that sugar utilization relies upon customers mind-set. At the point when understudies get discouraged they as a rule expend sugar more. Yet, unreasonable utilization of starch can cause corpulence. As per a few research reports utilizations of unfortunate food can cause pressure and gloom. During focused on circumstances understudies gorge nourishments to alleviation it yet in ordinary circumstance they would abstain from indulging (Rodriguez, 2012). Worry in understudy life straightforwardly corresponding to overweight, undesirable food utilization and attempt to aimlessly duplicate food propensity from ad. Moved of food decisions from lower fat contain food to higher fat contain food can occur among the understudies in light of pressure (Blum, 2011). In past couple of research it is been discovered that during tests or before the tests or last year undertaking or proposition accommodation or grounds talk with utilization of nourishments in flask or inn increment in incredible degree. Understudies do that to alleviation the pressure from their head and attempt to divert themselves from subjects. Senior female understudies are getting weight in view of less eating of vegetables, high-stress and utilization of elevated cholesterol nourishments. In look into 65% of UOL understudies answered that they have high scholarly worry in their college and half of the understudies answered that they eat extremely unfortunate food consistentl y in their college in noon (Laria, 2012). This is the earlier an ideal opportunity to comprehend the eating example of understudies. On the off chance that pressure and burdensome state of mind can prompt the undesirable food propensity, at that point then again positive disposition and phenomenal mental circumstance can prompt solid and dietary food propensity (Kwate, 2010). College understudies have the freedom to pick their own food and as they invested more energy outside the home they for the most part eat less hand crafted food and increasingly outside food. Eating conduct and information on nourishing eating routine framed in youthful grown-up age that is the school and college time. So making understudies

literature :: essays research papers

Writing Based Instruction This article is a piece of an arrangement drawn from work in the Handbook of Reading Research: Volume III (Kamil, Mosenthal, Pearson, and Barr, 2000). My thinking for picking this article is straightforward; I like to peruse to youngsters and to reveal to them stories. I figure we can make perusing substantially more fascinating on the off chance that we escape from the Basal Readers and acquaint kids with all types of scholarly works. *Literature-Based Instruction: A Rationale Meanings of writing based guidance accentuate the utilization of excellent scholarly functions as the center instructional materials used to help education advancement A core value of the writing based point of view is that proficiency obtaining happens in a book-rich setting where there is a wealth of deliberate correspondence and importance is socially built. Artistic works in such settings incorporate a wide scope of materials: picture books, huge books, unsurprising books, people stories, tales, legends, dream, sci-fi, verse, contemporary sensible fiction, verifiable fiction, true to life enlightening books, and memoirs. *Reading to little youngsters has consistently been the most well-known practice for executing writing based guidance in preschool and essential study halls. Stories and perceptions drawn from contextual investigations of kids who have been perused to every now and again have depicted practices related with early proficiency improvement These cases exhibit that small kids who have been perused to habitually realize how to deal with books and can recognize the front of a book, the print to be perused, and the suitable heading for perusing the print. How frequently do we see more established understudies with books that have not been taken consideration? How often do we see youngsters sitting in a tranquil spot simply perusing a book for pleasure? In the event that you could return and check, you would most likely discover that they were not peruse to as small kids. Perusing stories is certainly not an enchanted movement for education improvement; it is the nature of the cooperation that happens during perusing that outcomes in constructive outcomes, as opposed to simply the storybook understanding itself. The article states â€Å"that storybook perusing meetings in homerooms are regularly not of adequate quality to draw in understudies completely and to boost education development. Perusing stories as a demonstration in itself doesn't really advance proficiency; mentalities and connection improve the capability of the read-so anyone might hear occasion for advancing education advancement.

Internet Culture Is a Good Thing for Pop Culture Research Paper

Web Culture Is a Good Thing for Pop Culture - Research Paper Example These interchanges are either formal, casual or for reasons for amusement. In spite of the fact that web use is yet to hit all nations on the planet, it registers critical impact on numerous methods of way of life either straightforwardly or in a roundabout way. Without a doubt, web use has no age limitations, is to a great extent available, is definitive, and comes at a sensible cost. Web culture exudes from the utilization ofâ computer systems for amusement and the investigation of different social wonders related with the web like internet games, web based life, and online networks (Hermeking Web). Mainstream society broadly known as mainstream society is the blend everything being equal, thoughts, and perspectives that stray from the regular culture in the general public (Danesi 1-7). It agrees with the Western culture of the right on time to mid-twentieth century and that of the late twentieth and mid 21st century. It includes the parts of public activity that are progressively predominant in people in general. It is in fact, characterized by social cooperations between individuals in their ordinary exercises in type of styles of dress, the utilization of slang, welcoming ceremonies and the nourishments that individuals eat (Philosophy Now Web). It shows a great deal of impact from the media and as such by web culture. Before, mainstream society spread through print, radio, films, or TV. Notwithstanding, the effect of media like TV and radio is diminishing at huge rate following the development of the web culture, which is assuming control over the spread of mainstream society. Without a doubt, there is an immediate relationship between's web culture and mainstream society with mainstream society drawing numerous advantages from web culture. Web culture adds to changes in municipal commitment in the USA (University of California, Berkeley Web). It can similarly work as a space of new divisions of work between common society hierarchical on-screen characte rs and lay activists. One of the most significant components of web that enormously bolsters mainstream society is the capacity to download documents. Irrefutably, popular music, patterns, and social occasions can leak to an enormous pop populace through gigantic sharing of records. For example, it is feasible for popular fans to download music recordings quickly their preferred specialists discharge them. Moreover, web makes it feasible for pop specialists to take an interest on mainstream society exercises without being genuinely present. For example, a great many craftsmen can take part progressively when exceptional mainstream society occasions are held. As a matter of fact, the amazing increment in web infiltration and high speeds makes spilling conceivable and subsequently, ready to stream recordings as pop occasions occur. This has been an incredible lift to mainstream society, which has likewise recorded an exceptional move to web cooperation. One significant thing about web culture that makes it critical to mainstream society is its commitment the quick spread of pop way of life. Pop way of life, particularly slants in dressing, can contact numerous individuals all the while and quickly. Preferably, web has likewise been a stage in which, mainstream society has additionally had the option to spread to various pieces of the world. This has been a lift to expanded selection of mainstream society to numerous individuals over the world. The utilization of the web have in a major manner prompted the spread of more data on mainstream society the greatest number of individuals would now be able to get to this data over the web effortlessly and no limitations. Nonetheless, mainstream society doesn't really rely upon

Counterterrorism Specialist Austin Long to Join SIPA Faculty COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Counterterrorism Specialist Austin Long to Join SIPA Faculty COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Austin Long has been appointed Assistant Professor in the School of International and Public Affairs, where he will teach security policy. Long most recently worked as an associate political scientist for the RAND Corporation, serving in Iraq as an analyst and advisor to Multinational Force Iraq and the U.S. military. He also worked as a consultant to MIT Lincoln Laboratory on the technology and urban operations of counterinsurgency. Professor Long authored the book, Deterrence From Cold War to Long War. The following description comes from the RAND Corporation Web site: Since its inception six decades ago, the RAND Corporation has been one of the key institutional homes for the study of deterrence. Never a well-loved concept in the United States, deterrence lost any luster it held after the Cold War. The 2002 U.S. national-security strategy proclaimed deterrences irrelevance for most future national-security challenges. However, the 2006 version of this strategy reversed this move, recognizing that deterrence will be as indispensable for the “long war” as it was for the Cold War. This book examines these six decades of research for lessons relevant to the current and future strategic environments. Among its conclusions are that U.S. domestic politics inevitably requires some considerable reliance on deterrence and that deterrence remains relevant to most of the threats the United States is likely to face, from near-peer competitors to regional states of concern and even to many terrorist organizations. It also makes specific recommendations about policies and force structures the United States should pursue to maximize its deterrent capabilities.

Capital structuring Essay - 275 Words

Capital Structuring Decisions at Intel Corporation (Essay Sample) Content: Capital Structuring Decisions at Intel Corporation, 1992NameInstitutional affiliationDateCapital Structuring Decisions at Intel Corporation, 1992IntroductionThe success of a company is dependent on the objectives set by the management. Intel is an American company, which is known for the manufacture of memory cards and microchips. This is an aspect that Intel has enjoyed, but has soon changed with the evolvement of the market. However, the company did produce microcomputer although, not in large scale like the memory devices. There are various aspects that led to the growth and success of Intel. One of these aspects is merger and acquisition. Merger and acquisition help a company grows and attains the market. The partnership between Intel and IBM was of success to Intel (Aid, 2012 p 85). The other aspect that has helped in the success of the company is employee loyalty. Employee loyalty entails employees working for one firm in their career. This is an aspect that mak es employees understand what the company needs as well as the customer. The other aspect that has seen the success of Intel is its ability to change from manufacture of memory to processors (Domeika, 2008 p 79).A second-mover advantage is the aspect of a first-mover failing to take complete advantage of the market. This means that the company has a commanding power in the market. Intel faces competition from other companies, which can be branded second-mover advantage. Some of these companies include Toshiba, which also manufactures flash memory. Intel is also facing competition from an innovator called Applied Micro Circuits. This is a corporation, which is said to have begun the development of chips, which saves energy. Consequently, this is an advantage to users of Google and face book. This company also risks competition from a second-mover called AMD (Domeika, 2008 p 107). Intel needs to repurchase stock, as a way of gaining its position in the market. The company needs to buy stock, as a way of ensuring that it offers payouts which are big to stakeholders (Aid, 2012 p 125).ConclusionEach organization must clearly identify the correct structure and culture. This aspect ensures that the organization has the focus to achieve the set target. The success and performance of an organization is dependent on the type of structure used. The kind of structure applied should be well thought of to ensure the organization attains the long-term goals. However, b...

Mobile Tracking - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 440 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/24 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Advantages And Disadvantages Essay Did you like this example? Advantages Disadvantages of Mobile Tracking †¢ The Motorola DynaTAC, the first mobile telephone, ushered in a revolution in wireless communication in 1973. Today, mobile devices combined with technological advancements provide several benefits, including tracking minors and emergency-location service enhancements. The Global Positioning System (GPS), a constellation of 24 U. S. Department of Defense satellites, has enhanced mobile-tracking technology. However, with technological advancement comes the possibility of negative effects or misuse. Law Enforcement Advantages †¢ Mobile technology enhances location services and reduces emergency-response time. According to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), United States emergency personnel estimate that 50 percent of calls are placed using a mobile device. Through the integration of FCC-enforced Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) and GPS, when you call for emergency services, the call is routed to the nea rest cell-phone tower regardless of mobile-service provider. Mobile tracking automatically communicates the phone number and location of the caller to a PSAP that manages the area. Law Enforcement Disadvantages †¢ A disadvantage of law-enforcement access to mobile-tracking technology is the sheer number of inquiries. Sprint Nextel, a wireless-service provider, provided law-enforcement agencies with GPS location information on its customers over 8 million times between September 2008 and October 2009, according to a Sprint Nextel manager at the ISS World conference in October 2009. The number of inquiries coupled with the time required to respond can prohibit law enforcement from acquiring valuable time-sensitive information during a criminal investigation. Location Service Advantages †¢ Mobile-tracking technology increases the chances of finding someone quickly. Most cell phones contain GPS technology, which can establish a persons whereabouts by calculating the loca tion, speed and time of his cell-phone signal. Children with cell phones that include GPS technology and location services can thus be located quickly. Concealed GPS devices can assist with locating runaway teens. They also provide a more reliable service due to their concealed nature. While a teenager aware of his cell phones GPS device can turn the service off, with a concealed location device, the teen is unaware the device is present. Location Service Disadvantages †¢ Location services accurately track a signal to within several yards. The same technology that can save lives can also provide a framework for invasion of privacy. According to the Electronic Frontier Foundation, locational privacy is the ability of an individual to move in public space with the expectation that under normal circumstances their location will not be systematically and secretly recorded for later use. Applications like Google Latitudewhen downloaded to a cell phoneprovide simple social loc ation tools. However, Googles Latitude also records location history which opens the door for future requests. As a result, law-enforcement agencies can request information on the historical whereabouts of users which poses invasion-of-privacy concerns. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mobile Tracking" essay for you Create order

A Study Of The Development, Structure, And Functioning Of...

Alain Dumas Professor Mackinnon Sociology 111 December 9, 2015 Sociology is the study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society. In other words, it is the study of social problems. We study sociology today â€Å"to see a larger social context of the lives we are living, and in this way give both understanding and meaning to personal experiences† (Personal Experiences and Public Issues). C. Wright Mills, an American sociologist, coined the term sociological imagination. Having this quality of the mind enables us to make sense of the intersection between history and biography and the relations between the two within society. This imagination is the â€Å"capacity to range from the most impersonal and remote transformations to the most intimate features of the human self† (Mills). Through the use of different sociologist’s sociological imagination, questions that arose through time were questions such as what is the structure of this particular society as a whole? What are its essential components? Struc tural functionalism, or functionalist theory, one of the big three theories in sociology today, says that society is a unified whole that functions because of the contributions of its separate structures: family, education, politics, and the economy (social institutions). Fortunately, only with the use of two social institutions from this theory and through culture can we understand William Julius Wilson’s article the â€Å"Economic Plight of Inner-City Black Males†Show MoreRelatedA Study Of Development, Structure, And Functioning Of Human Society851 Words   |  4 PagesSynthesis 1 Sociology. The study of development, structure, and functioning of human society. It is the basis which scientists use to analyses social interactions and behaviors of those around us. For example, when you are watching the news and see a statistic of how a certain people group tends to have a specific pater of thought, this come directly from sociology. In other words, sociology is the means by which we use to understand each other. So far, we have covered many different topics rangingRead MoreTalcott Parsons And Structural Functionalism1428 Words   |  6 Pagesfor building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. This approach looks at society through a macro-level orientation, which is a broad focus on the social structure that shape society as a whole, and believes that society has evolved like organisms. This approach looks at both social structure and social institutions. A common analogy, popularized by H erbert Spencer, presents these parts of society as â€Å"organs† that work towardRead MoreHow Safety Is An Essential Human Need Essay1209 Words   |  5 Pagesessential human need. Implementation of this need is determined by the level of development of the state, its economic and cultural components, and the degree and quality of life. 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Topics such as religion, which plays an important role is the development and changes of ideas regarding these two topics will be approached as well as the social changes due to tradition and the changes of time in regards of marriageRead MoreTheoretical Traditions and Community Development1383 Words   |  6 Pagesrelate to the practice of community development. Social theory seeks to explain change in society, how it develops, what factors facilitate and inhibit it and what results from it. Social theory can be viewed as a set of tools which are used in constructing our own explanations of what is happening in the society around us (owlnet.rice.edu, 2010). Community development draws upon social theories to better understand the society around us. Community development is a structured intervention thatRead MoreReflection Of Anthropology759 Words   |  4 Pagescomplicated study of the development and application of human culture. Over the course of 16 weeks we covered topics ranging from understanding the importance and development of kinship, to the social structure of politics and it past and current impact, to the spread and interconnection of the people of our planet in globalization. As a design major, a few of the topics that were covered this semester jumped out in relevant significance more than others. In general, topics that reveal human behaviorRead MoreThe Studies Of Psychological Well -being And Its Effects Within The Workplace1501 Words   |  7 PagesThe Studies of Psychological Well -Being and its Effects within the Workplace As humans, it’s in our nature to continuously strive to live and be well . We seek to find happiness while we overcome the challenges life may present . Psychological well-being relates to this because it is all about the focus of life going great. According to Wright (2007), Aristotle wrote in great detail about the subject and defines it as â€Å"the product of a life well lived†. Today this definition remains true includingRead MoreThe Promise Of Sociology, By Charles Wright Mills1133 Words   |  5 PagesSociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions. It studies the structure, development, and functioning of a society as a whole. Comparative sociology is a social science that measures social change over time. Social change is the way societies and cultures are altered over time, which produces the mode of production. Mode of production is a system that determines the way societies survive and remain functioning. â€Å"The Promise of Sociology written by Charles Wright Mills explains

Essay on Macbeth vs. Satan - 695 Words

Macbeth vs. Satan How can two authors write stories almost half a century apart where the characters have comparable qualities? William Shakespeare and John Milton wrote a play and a poem, respectively, where two characters share qualities. These characters are Macbeth from Macbeth and Satan from Paradise Lost. Despite the similarities between the characters of Macbeth in Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Satan in Milton’s Paradise Lost, which include their strong will, pride, and insatiable greed, they have qualities that set them apart. Their differences are Macbeth’s overall righteousness, human characteristics, and being controlled by fate. Satan on the other hand, is evil, superhuman, and acts on his free will. Shakespeare’s Macbeth and†¦show more content†¦Overconfidence is another attribute they share, Macbeth showing it when he disregards Rico 2 the witches’ prophecies about bewaring Macduff: â€Å"Then live, Macduff. What need I fear of thee?† (Mac 4.1.90). Satan shows it by believing he will able to defeat God: â€Å"†¦by fate, the strength of gods and this empyreal substance cannot fail†¦we may with more successful hope resolve to wage†¦eternal war†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (PL 116-121). Their ambition and greed is also another outstanding similar characteristic. Macbeth’s greed is shown in his soliloquy in Act I of Macbeth: â€Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intents, but only vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself and falls on the other—† (Mac 1.7.25-28). Although Lady Macbeth had to push Macbeth to commit the murders, he already had the desire for the title of king. Satan’s greed is noted in his actions by trying to overthrow God in the Kingdom of Heaven: â€Å"†¦aspiring to set himself in glory above his peers, he trusted to have equaled th e Most High†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (PL 38-40). Although God created all the angels equal, Satan’s greed makes him believe that he is greater than the rest of the angels and tries to put him above them. Even more important than their similarities are the differences between Macbeth and Satan, Macbeth being overall good, human, and

Religions Aggressive Attitude Regarding Art and Science

Religions aggressive attitude regarding art and science While many have been inclined to consider that science and religion complement each-other, things were different several centuries ago when people considered that it was irresponsible for someone to dare to put across scientific thinking that was in disagreement with religious legislations. Christian fundamentalism is responsible for a great deal of conflicts, taking into account that fundamentalists lobby in regard to how God created the world in six days and concerning how society emerged as a consequence of the fact that a couple was cheated by a talking snake. Even with this, religion has started to express more accepting attitudes concerning science during the recent years. Although the masses are inclined to look at art as if it were something innovative and eccentric, some of historys greatest artists were forced to perform works that were related to religion. Individuals like Michelangelo and Botticelli had to create artwork that was in accordance with the periods religious thinking and that would practically promote the concept of religion. In contrast to religion, science did not attempt to impose its perspective on art and it can actually be said that artists are appreciative with regard to technology. Michelangelo, for example, did not necessarily want to portray religious figures as they were imagined by religious history and he struggled to create them as real as possible. This was actually one ofShow MoreRelatedGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesour problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology e. Genetic modification f. Right tech for wrong reasons 3. Arts/Culture a. Arts have a future in Singapore? b. Why pursue Arts? c. Arts and technology d. Uniquely Singapore: Culture 4. Environment a. Developed vs. Developing b.Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesNikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art Director: Kenny Beck Text and Cover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management:

Weimar Germany †The effects of the Depression Free Essays

A-1) By 1928, the economies of the world had become very interdependent on each other. Through the Dawes and young plan, Germany greatly relied on American loans to keep their economy running smoothly. When the Wall Street crash took place in 1929, it had disastrous effects on Germany as their economy was so dependent on American loans. We will write a custom essay sample on Weimar Germany – The effects of the Depression or any similar topic only for you Order Now This intern also affected Germany politically. The impact on Germany was disastrous. The depression caused major unemployment; jobs were being lost due to all the factories and industries being shutdown. In 1930 there were two million people who were unemployed but day by day the numbers kept increasing, resulting in six million people being unemployed between 1931-1933. Apart from unemployment banks collapsed and were unwilling to give out loans, the Americans wanted their money back. The loans given to Germany by American were short termed and called in quick, quicker than they could manage to repay them. All the economic prosperity in Germany was dying out. The Americans along with asking for their money back withdrew all their investments from Germany, this affected trade and exports. Exports fell from 630 mil pounds to 280 mil pounds causing the economy to falter even further down. The drastic economic affects the depression had on Germany soon began to create wavering in the government of the Weimar. Due to the horrifying rates of unemployment, jobless men were turning towards more extremist political parties like the Nazis and the communists as they had immediate solutions to the problems the current government could not fix. 55% of all working class recruits who joined the Nazi party from 1930-33 were unemployed and there were 1300 Nazi Party demonstrations during 1930, The Nazi Party benefited most from this slump. Ultimately creating substantial revival of extremism. Austere measures taken by Bruning also resulted in the unemployed being driven towards extremist parties as he was focused on removing burdens of reparations and tackled Germany’s domestic problems with orthodox, deflationary economic tactics which reduced social service and unemployment benefits when they were needed the most. This was done to try and get the international community to cancel their debts. Germany’s economy was suffering though the USA introduced the ‘new deal policy’ to sort out the mess they had created but to do so put them selves into economic isolation for a period of time. Other than that, the depression led to dramatic growth of influence for those parties that offered extreme solutions to contemporary problems, while playing a very important role in Hitler becoming chancellor. How to cite Weimar Germany – The effects of the Depression, Papers

Years on movement free essay sample

And as the years go by he gains more knowledge and is slowly transforming into the man he is to become in the future. Through all these stages his hands are his tools, as a child he takes in information by playing using his hands and the material then later on he gains knowledge through work. The importance of movement is that it allows the child to build his muscle development i. e. his fine and gross motor skills; he makes his muscles stronger and allows them to do more work for a longer period of time. It also builds his physical strength and stamina. It allows the child to store images in is mind and allows him to store his experiences; the child can develop his speech and his understanding. Movement stimulates his senses especially at the early childhood level; the work is designed to draw the childs attention to the sensory properties 0T tne materlals sucn as slze, texture, color, snape, welgnt, tne sound It makes. We will write a custom essay sample on Years on movement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As he grows he learns to pay more attention and looks at thing more clearly especially small objects or details in the environment that attracts his attention and this allows him to appreciate and learn through the environment and his hands, it lso build his concentration level as he can concentrate on one material for a long period of time and he sort of closes the world at that moment and gives in all his attention to the chosen material. As he learns o work on his own on the materials whether they are hard or easy, he gains independence as he does not rely on the teacher to be there with him every step of the way, when the teacher encourages the child to move about, allows him to develop and make his skills stronger, and allow him to make mistakes and learn, if a child falls he has to learn to get up himself dust off and carry on doing the activity he does. He builds up his self confidence through movement he feels that he can achieve what he wants if he Just tries hard and teachers need to motivate them so that they succeed. And builds up his higher self- esteem and with that comes greater ability to take charge if situations and to feel more secure, he develops confidence also through agility, balance and coordination. Development of discipline does not Just occur; it is the teachers or parents Job to show them how to be disciplined. This can happen only when the child is able to concentrate on an object for a long period of time and is so engrossed in it that he oes not know what is going on around him, this exercise should have a control of error, by engaging in such activities the child relaxes his mind, becomes calm, happy and is very busy this makes the child a disciplined child. Development of will comes after development of concentration and this includes various activities that encourage interaction between child and environment, the child has to make the decision himself and take control of his actions.

Billion Spent on Training and Development

Questions: Required to present information about the home and host countries of your allocated company based on your desk/secondary research of both countries. This should include collecting data on the following issues: 1. The major national cultural and institutional characteristics of both parent and host countries. 2. Human Resource Management (HRM) and other employee-related values and practices (e.g. performance oriented; participative leadership style, etc..) of both home and host countries. Answers: Introduction In this era where there is a lot of cut throat competition in International Market, acquisitions and mergers have to be done carefully. Culture-focused for understanding culture is too necessary (Mooij M. and Hofstede G., 2010). All of this requires a great extensive research on all the parameters that of major national cultural and institutional characteristics along with the HRM practices. The business and trade between China and USA has been emerging fast and the various negotiations on businesses have been frequent thus here a comparison on the same for an American (USA) telecommunication company taking over a firm in China. With GLOBE Model (Venaik S. and Brewer, P. A., 2008) and Hofstede Model (Hofstedes (1980, 1984)) in consideration, this research has been carried out so that a company which belongs to telecommunication sector in US can actually get to know the business culture of China. (Hofstede G. 1984) (Hofstede G. 1980) Comparing America and China on national cultural and institutional characteristics and various HR practices (Venaik S. and Brewer, P. A. 2008) GLOBE MODEL: (The GLOBE Study 2004) GLOBE is a long-term study effort designed to explore the complex nature and effects of culture on leadership, effectiveness of the organization etc. along with the condition of human resource involved (House et al., 2004) and also in international business. (Fredrie W. Rohm Jr., 2010). HOFSTEDE MODEL: Geert Hofstede has explored every kind of cultural dimension in more than 70 companies of IBM. The survey which was conducted twice around 1968 and around 1972 developed a model that identifies five primary Dimensions: Power Distance (PDI), Individualism (IDV), Masculinity (MAS), and Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI), Long-Term Orientation (LTO). Neo- liberalism V/s Marxist Here the home country i.e., the U.S.A is Neo- liberalism. Whereas China is Socialist and Marxist. (Cyert R., and March J. 1963) Neoliberal theory asserts that a largely free capitalist system not only symbolizes the model of free individual choice but also achieves best economic performance in terms of competence, economic growth, technical development, and organizational justice. Here U.S.A. being the neo- liberalist country has always achieves the best performance as far as the economic growth is concerned. In countries such as China, many experiments are happening with forms of enterprises and many involve significant degrees of worker involvement and self-governance. Thus here if we see in order to make sure that the country progresses, China makes sure that the work gets done by equal participation from the workers. (Schweickart, D. 2002) Approaches to Relationships (In group collectivism, power distance index, institutional collectivism) In America, the colleagues may rarely go to clubs together and attend the office party in order to know each other personally. And more in detail it can be said that Americans dont essentially mix, or want to socialize with their people at work outside work. Generally people keep their personal and professional lives different. (Hofstede G 1982) On the other hand, Chinese people are most satisfied with trust and thus try to foster the same. They try knowing personally the people they work with. In the Chinese culture, trust is crucial in building the confidence needed in business partners. Moreover knowing about your business partner in details and following the business etiquettes is quite necessary because endowing now in the guanxi can actually pay big business bonuses later. (Venaik S. and Brewer, P. A. 2008) Moving at Different Paces (Performance Orientation, Human Orientation, Future Orientation) Americans put a premium on being efficient, frank and getting things done quickly. In Chinese culture, its very difficult to manage with the slow place they work at. (Lewis, R. 2014) Perceptions of Hierarchy (Gender Egalitarianism) Chinese have a solider respect for hierarchy and etiquette than Americans. But when Chinese have Americans working at higher positions, they show respect irrespective of gender. (Owens, C.W. 2007) Comparison of Business Culture: China vs. US Business culture - time-tested and conservative practices China and US have a different business culture -- result of different history and practices they have had (Fredrie W. Rohm Jr. 2010) Notion of Harmony China (Masculinity) Everything is in harmony and change is viewed as troublesome because of the population they have US (Masculinity) Efficiency and effectiveness is must and end result is the main important thing Logical reasoning on facts (Hofstede G., and Hofstede G.J. 2005) Individualism and Collectivism China always has four important social groups: relatives, schoolmates, personal friends. There is a lot of importance of guanxi (connection). Also privacy is not highly valued and individualism is not singled out US constitution guarantees the rights and thus a great stress on individualism for personal achievement and thus more towards individualism in the Hofstedes Model. Relatively few norms. In US its generally separate personal and business relationship and friendship can be formed and melted quickly. (Mooij M., and Hofstede G. 2010) Communication Style China has a reflection to silence and this not to exaggerate which has direct implications on marketing of a product in that country. In US, there is an uncomfortable style with gaps of silence. Moreover there is a lot of exaggeration. Thus so has to be the way of marketing. (Pitta D. 1999) HRM Practices: In this world where there is a lot of change in the International market, thus a lot has been changed when it comes down to hiring people and working for the corporates in the International market. (McCrae R. R., Terracciano A., Realo A., and Allik J. 2008) Selection of employees: In USA, employers tend to use personal interviews more for selection. The personnel selection procedures in US starts with individuals capability and technical precondition for the job they are doing selection. Thereafter work experience plays an important role. In China employers give importance to test scores and are the top criteria of assessment in the selection processes. (Thomas, S. Scroggins, W. 2008) Performance Appraisal/ Orientation: The USAs outlook is quite individualistic here and result oriented and thus employees productivity is quite important. For example, employers in America tend to rank pay for appraising performance. In China on the other hand this technique is too trivial as the Chinese managers place greater importance on ethical characteristics, loyalty and obedience. Thus this leads to low amount of feedback in the same. (Gao, G. 2015) Training and Development: In USA, training expenditures per employee amount to a great amount where as in other countries is not that substantial. (ATD Staff 2013) US organizations assign longer duration of hours in training per year in comparison to the ones in China. Corporate Governance: U.S.A. - the outsider system of corporate governance is considered by wide dispersed ownership. Here only the shareholders value is the main goal. (Kkl, A.2008) By 2000, of the key pillars in the U.S.A. outsider model of corporate governance were okay and predictable and it was a benchmark for good practices. Shareholder engagement would be completed by all the institutional stockholders. (Jackson, G. 2010) China- Outsider where shareholders are considered mainly. China has always been celebrating hard work and achievements. To succeed in China, the companies has to really work hard because they face a lot competition from the domestic market and to reach at the top.And in the long run shareholders value is kept in the loop. (Jackson, E 2011) Compensation: With balance sheet approach in US, this will be mostly covering all the premiums, hardship allowances and protects them from various cost differences. In China, the compensation gives a lot of security to the employees as compared with the one in USA. As in China it works on carrying out various calculations as per the varying compensations. Like with the result of inflation, variations in the prices. (Conyon He 2011) HR Culture: Time is money for people in US and thus they have the people deemed to encourage risk taking behavior. Also the decisions related to business are taken in high speed. In China, here is low individualism and high collectivism and a tendency towards group orientation thus the team will always be working in teams. U.S. managers are task-oriented, rather than boss-oriented. To the Chinese hierarchal position is quite important. U.S. employees need cultural training to understand the significance of the cultural differences so they can adapt themselves accordingly. (Cheng Seeger 2012) Conclusion Hofstede Culture Model and GLOBE In both GLOBE Model and Hofstede Model, China has a higher score than US in Long term orientation. Also China is a collectivist and US is more on individualism. Thus here we can talk about legal obligations in a country like China whereas its easy in US. When critically assessing the HRM systems in USA due to indifferences in culture. Thus its evident to say that the employees perceptions about the culture and HR is quite different and thus before entering into the business, everything should be taken into consideration. There is a lot of difference in terms of every kind of practice in terms of business and lot has been changed in the past few years reading the way business is done. Thus as a consultant to the USA telecommunications company, I would say its possible to do business in China only if its done in the way they like it. Because the home country has to also abide by the rules of host country. References ATD Staff.2013.$164.2 Billion Spent on Training and Development by U.S. Companies Conyon, M. He, L. 2011. Executive Compensation and Corporate Governance in China. Centers, Institutes, Programs at DigitalCommon Cheng, S. Seeger, M. 2012. Cultural Differences and Communication Issues in International Mergers and Acquisitions: A Case Study of BenQ Debacle. International Journal of Business and Social Science Cyert R., and March J. 1963. A behavioral theory of the firm. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Fredrie W. Rohm Jr. 2010. American and Arab Cultural Lenses. Inner Resources for Leaders, School of Global Leadership Entrepreneurship, Regent University, Virginia Beach. Gao, G. 2015. How do Americans stand out from the rest of the world? Hofstede G (1982)Cultures consequences. Sociology, 1982, 9(2), 556 Hofstede G. 1980 Cultures consequences: Institutional Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Hofstede G. 1984. Cultures consequences: Institutional Differences in Work-Related Values. Abridged Edition. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Hofstede G. 2001. Cultures consequences (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Hofstede G., and Hofstede G.J. 2005. Cultures and Organizations. Software of the Mind (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Hofstede G.2010. The GLOBE debate: Back to relevance. Journal of International Business Studies, 41,13391346. Kkl, A.2008. Corporate Governance Systems: Shareholders Versus Stakeholders Viewed on 28 February 2016 https://www.internationallawoffice.com/Newsletters/Company-Commercial/Turkey/Bener-Law-Office/Corporate-Governance-Systems-Shareholders-Versus-Stakeholders Lewis, R. 2014.How Different Cultures Understand Time. Business Insider. Viewed on 1 March 2016 https://www.businessinsider.com/how-different-cultures-understand-time-2014-5?IR=T Jackson, G.2010.Understanding Corporate Governance in the United States. Arbeitspapier 223 Jackson, E. 2011. Why Corporate Governance is So Important to China. Forbes. Viewed on 1 March 2016 https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericjackson/2011/07/06/why-corporate-governance-is-so-important-to-china/#618ab0927581 Culture, Leadership, and Organizations. The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies. 2004. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. McCrae R. R., Terracciano A., Realo A., and Allik J. 2008. Interpreting GLOBE Societal Practices Scales. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 805-810. Mooij M., and Hofstede G.2010. The Hofstede model Applications to global branding and advertising strategy and research. International Journal of Advertising, 29, 85-110. Owens, C.W. 2007. Hmong Cultural Profile. EthnoMed. Viewed on 1 March 2016 https://ethnomed.org/culture/hmong/hmong-cultural-profile Pitta D. 1999.Ethical issues across cultures: managing the differing perspectives of China and the USA. Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 16 No. 3 1999, Pp. 240-256 MCB University Press, 0736-3761 Schweickart, D.2002. Ten Theses on Marxism and the Transition to Communism Thomas, S. Scroggins, W. 2008. Psychological Testing in Personnel Selection: Contemporary Issues in Cognitive Ability and Personality Testing. Journal of Business Inquiry Venaik S. and Brewer, P. A. 2008. Contradictions in national culture: Hofstede vs GLOBE. In: Cantwell, J. and Kiyak, T.. 50th Annual Meeting of the Academy of International Business (AIB), 50, 274-274. Milan, Italy.

Ivy League Sample College Essay - Need Help?

Ivy League Sample College Essay - Need Help?Ivy League school is one of the most prestigious schools in the United States. The program of studying there is not only about academics, but it includes the opportunity to have an advantage in many fields, and also offers a good scope for networking opportunities.Career and college essays are an important aspect of your education. In fact, a high school student can finish his studies of arts, sciences, and humanities without ever having to write a single essay. However, a college student who intends to get a degree or a certificate from the Ivy League school needs to plan to write one or two essays during his time in college. Just like a job application, the college student should plan his essay on a specific topic, design the topic and format, create the outline, and get as much help as possible from friends and teachers.Usually, college essays are put together by the school itself. Each year, the students present a sample essay. These ar e usually titled 'A New Way of Thinking About an Old Idea,' 'Changing Your College Essay,' 'The Power of Acknowledging the Power of the Past,' 'Moving From Theory to Practice,' 'Collaborative Writing', 'Outline and Emphasis of the Essay,' 'Articulate Essay Structure,' 'Answering the Questions,' 'Three Essay Topics to Consider,' 'Professionalism,' 'Motivation and Focus,' 'Consistency,' 'Learning Styles,' 'Personal Development'Use of Research Sources.' Students usually ask the advice of their parents or close friends. However, in most cases, they have to get the help of an essay writer.The essay writer is the person who takes the entire process of writing college essays from beginning to end. He will sit down with the students and design the entire essay based on their ideas and suggestions. Once the writer has prepared the entire essay, he will give it to the college students for their final review. The college students will then be asked to choose among several topics for which they have to write an essay. The college students will also be given suggestions on how to address different topics in their essay.Students may find it difficult to get students in their circle for college essay help. The best way to get the right individuals for your essay is to choose a group that has no members that you know. Your college life will turn out to be much easier, as long as you find an appropriate group.The college essay is an important part of a student's education. Many students do not manage to finish their studies because of the negative things that occur in their lives. If they have to do the writing part alone, they might not get a chance to relax and enjoy themselves, even if it is just for a little while.College students should never compromise on their education. They should take the care of their minds very seriously. Even if it means putting more of their time and effort in studying, they should avoid slacking off. Also, they should not miss out on any part of their studies. Such things could affect their academic career.

The Global Corporation and Social Responsibility Multinational Decision Making and International Values

Table of Contents Introduction Literature review Similarities of the writer’s observations Differences of the writer’s observations Recommendations and writers contributions Conclusion References Introduction Scientific inventions and innovations have resulted in better transport and communication systems; the improved systems have resulted to social, economic, and political ideologies integration. The integrations have seen the development of multinationals. When operation across the board, decisions made by the multinationals should be acceptable and ethical in the eyes of the host country and the international community; they should work towards maintaining international values and virtues.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Global Corporation and Social Responsibility: Multinational Decision Making and International Values specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the recognized needs that m ultinationals should maintain international values and ethical behavior, what is ethical vary among different communities and countries, the challenge comes when a managers of multinationals come from a different social background thus having an ethical algorithm that is accepted in how country and host country becomes a challenge. This paper compares three articles that address the issue of ethical behavior of multinationals; when comparing the materials, the paper will elaborate on the ideas that are commensurate and any differences in views. In the discussion part, the paper will give the writer’s contribution to the matter. Literature review According to Thomas Donaldson in the article â€Å"Rights in the Global Market†, 1990 businesses operate in environments where they benefit from communities around and far away from the point of business of the company; the success of a business is dependent on how well it is performing in its operating environment. The article suggest that when operating in a different country, there are laws, legislation, and business expectations that the host country expect to be done, for example in the United States, child labor is highly protected and this is supported by international labor laws, the age limit for the country ranges from 16 years. In other countries, emphasis on child labor may not be as much and their focus is in other areas like dumping. In the article the writer is of the opinion that when operating in international market, the company should invest in knowing the legal, social, and economic frameworks that operate in the country (Donaldson, 1990). In the article â€Å"Decision Making Reconciling International Values†, Thomas Donaldson echoes the word in the article â€Å"Rights in the Global Market†, but from a different angle; in this article the writer looks at an international environment where issues and matters are controlled by international norms and values addressed by in ternational conventions, protocols, and agreements.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The focus on the article is that multinationals when making decisions have to consider their operating environment and create a situation of mutual benefit among them economy of operation and the multinational. The article advocate for observation of business values, and corporate citizenship; corporate citizenship is concerned with truth, Consultants fairness and justice and accounting ethics pertains to the code that guides the professional conduct of aspects such as the expectations of society and customers, social responsibility, consumer autonomy and corporate behavior in the home country as well as abroad (Donaldson, 1985). According to Nien-he-Hsieh first and second half articles called â€Å"Does Business Have A Responsibility To Promote Just Institutions† , the writer is of th e opinion that multinationals gets their profits from businesses secured from the external environments; it is thus ethical to give back to the society; giving back creates a close relationship between customers and business. On pages 259-262, the writer acknowledges that in every institution, there is a certain system of operation which is controlled by institutions. From the onset, a family is seen as the smallest institution in an economy and other institutions comes from the small unit other institutions operating in the economy emerge. With the understanding of the institutions, multinationals should be able to make decisions that rhythm with the expectations of different institutions. They should look into legal, political and social aspects that prevail in the economy. In pages 265-267, the writer suggest that to facilitate the growth of good relations, multinationals should embrace corporate citizenship actions like social corporate responsibilities: social corporate respons ibilities are policies enacted by an organization for the benefit of the society; thought they are strategic marketing tools, the main concern of managers when undertaking the exercise is to benefit and improve the welfare of the communities; in this context, community members include business customers among other societal members (Nien-hà ª, 2009). Similarities of the writer’s observations Although the writers have taken different approaches in discussing the topic, they seem to have a number of similarities; both the writers acknowledge that different countries have their way of living, thus there is need for multinationals not to challenge the system but to work to be in harmony with the system. Secondly, both the writers feel that there is need for multinationals to observe professionalism and good motive; when they venture in a country, they should not get to the market with the intention of ruining the economy or self benefit; they need to understand there should be m utual benefit of the parties involved.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Global Corporation and Social Responsibility: Multinational Decision Making and International Values specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Globalization has brought issues of political and social dimensions in decision-making; when managers are making decisions, they have been forced to consider the effects that the decision will have on the social, political and environmental dimensions of the global population. For example, when selling in international market, managers should have culture intelligence tools and use it when making decisions. When the world has joined efforts, then there are changes in the business world. The business environment created by globalization call for managers to have a wide knowledge of current business trends; they should consider things from a global perspective when making business decisions. Both writers acce pt that cultural influences and way of life have an effect on multinational decision making; what is ethical is defined by the culture that exists in a certain area. If somebody or a company is doing something, then the entire population needs to be comfortable with the actions/decisions and the outcomes of the decisions made. No part of the larger population that should be injured at the expense of another; the notion follows the norm theory perspective. This theory places some relevance to the culture that a certain society holds; the business should be in line with the culture of the society. This will determine the success of the business. The set of beliefs and the way people do things is of importance to the entire performance of the business. If the society believes that doing something is right, then a wise investor is the one who does things in line with this belief. He should at all times ensure that the business is in line with the culture. Other than culture, religion is another aspect that an ethically conducted business should consider; at-least an investor should be aware of the level of influence that he is going to get from the business environs. If religion influences the action of a society, the best way to conduct business is in line with the culture and religion. For example if an investor wants to set up a pork butchery and goes ahead to start one in a Muslim society, the business is more likely to fail. This is because the norm of the religion, which happens to go in line with their culture, does not consider the business as ethical. What is ethical is sometimes defined by the people themselves. Differences of the writer’s observations As much as the writers are discussing and supporting the same ideology, there are some perceived differences in their approach. Thomas Donaldson seems to be more concerned on how managers (expatriates) should understand the environment they are operating on to facilitate making effective decisions.A dvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, Nien-he-Hsieh seems to respect the institutions made by a community and tends to advocate that despite using expatriates, there is need to have locals as part of the management as they are more likely to offer sound advice to facilitate better decision making. Nien-he-Hsieh observes that people have built their institutions for a long period thus an outsider can get it wrong when making decisions aimed at going well with the institutions framework. However, Thomas Donaldson calls for prior knowledge and doing things in line with international standards of acceptable behavior. Recommendations and writers contributions The pace of globalization and the benefits it has brought in the international community supports that it will continue to prevail; international trade as a pillar of globalization need to be managed effectively for economic social, and political well being of nations. With multinationals operating in different countries, there is need for developing international ethical standards and codes to be applicable to all companies in the world. With advances in information communication technology, it will be easy to internationalize and communicate these standards and codes. There is a precedent to go by, The International Accounting Standards Board, has been able to develop international financial preparation and reporting standards that are being used all over the world today in preparing financial statements by companies worldwide. They were previously not applicable in American companies, but since the recent corporate sea is, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is requiring that they be made applicable to American companies too. With globalization, information can be shared and dispersed easily among nations. Innovators get a platform for borrowing ideas to assist them in their inventions. This can be from previous records where they are able to analysis them and extra the useful ones. Multinationals are frameworks thro ugh which resources utilization and globalization trade on; they have opened countries to trade together. Multinationals should understand that globalization has enabled people to know their rights; people are aware of the quality that they should be getting for a certain product. The rights of human beings have been protected by globalization and thus businesses are compelled to act ethically in this effect. There are some set rules that are followed by trading countries; this is rules that protect and set the way of doing business. There are some set rules that affect the way a certain business was conducted and thus unethical issues that had been practiced by some companies come out. An example of this is the way products are marketed, the way products are advertised and issues about pollution. It is after globalization was taken into place that a meeting was conducted Copenhagen to discus about atmospheric pollution. Many companies have been polluting the environment but the cas e came out clear after the meeting although it was not come out with successful solutions. Equity distribution; with globalization every country was able to understand how it resources were to be distributed. This was not the case initially and thus with the globalization it came clear of the oppression of that colonists have had on the less developed. Other than looking things from an international angle, management of multinationals have some part to play when making decisions as well as maintaining international values, they should understand the environment they are orating on and make decisions that rhythm with the demands of the particular environment. They are the drivers of the multinationals thus they have the role of bridging the gap to attain corporate citizenship (Nien-hà ª, 2009). Conclusion Thomas Donaldson and Nien-he-Hsieh in their articles of multinationals decision making are of the opinion that multinational leaders should make decisions that reinforce values, no rms, and ethics. The writers acknowledge that different societies have different values and norms, thus they advice leaders to be aware of the values and forge their decisions to fit the values and norms. However, the leaders should ensure that they don’t confront international human rights and fundamental freedoms. References Donaldson, T.  (1985).  Multinational Decision-Making:  Reconciling International  values. Journal of Business Ethics, 4 (4):357 – 366. Donaldson,  T. (1991). Rights in the global market. New York: Oxford University press. Nien-hà ª, H. (2009).  Does  Global  Business Have a Responsibility to Promote Just Institutions?,  Business  Ethics Quarterly, 19(2): 251-273. This essay on The Global Corporation and Social Responsibility: Multinational Decision Making and International Values was written and submitted by user Daisy Doyle to help you with your own studies. 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Why Democracy is Better Than Autocracy For Economic Development

Why Democracy is Better Than Autocracy For Economic Development Free Online Research Papers Why Democracy is Better Than Autocracy For Economic Development Why, according to Olson, is democracy better than autocracy for economic development? What are the implications for your answer for the contrasting economic experiences of China and Western Europe since the late Middle Ages? In the essay â€Å"Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development†, Mancur Olson proposes a theory of how economic growth is related to the development of democracy. Using rational-choice theory as the basis of his argument, he concludes that â€Å"[t]he conditions necessary for a lasting democracy are the same necessary for the security of property and contract rights that generates economic growth† . Thus, Olson does not claim a causal relationship between democracy and economic growth, but that democracy and sustained growth – requiring the same set of institutions – will occur simultaneously. Olson’s theory may provide an explanation for why the Chinese economy under Qing rule (1644-1912) experienced no intensive growth at all, whilst per capita income during the same period in Western Europe more than quadrupled. This essay will outline the key features of Olson’s argument in the context of China and Western Europe at this time. By contrast ing the gradual emergence of democracy in Europe after the fall of medieval feudalism with the autocratic bureaucracy prevailing in China throughout the Qing dynasty, it will be argued that Olson’s theory is indeed applicable, yet not sufficient, for explaining the contrasting economic experiences of China and Western Europe since the late Middle Ages. Research Papers on Why Democracy is Better Than Autocracy For Economic DevelopmentBringing Democracy to AfricaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeDefinition of Export QuotasInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Relationship between Media Coverage and Social andComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoWhere Wild and West MeetHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay

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Why NYU - Essay Example New York University is the perfect place for students like me who are interested in an effervescent culture and diversity. The heart of NYU is its Washington Square campus, which is the center of Greenwich Village. The Village is a historic neighborhood that is composed of imaginative and energetic communities. NYU, without walls and gates, demonstrates its deep interconnection with New York City and gets inspiration from the latter’s vivacity. It has attracted generations of writers, musicians, artists, and intellectuals, which I want to interact with when studying in the University. I want to live at the center of the country’s culture and the arts, which makes NYU an appealing educational prospect for me. Furthermore, I love that NYU is a diverse school with autonomous departments. I can see myself interacting with people from other races and ethnicities and learning more about their cultures and personalities in the process. As a foreign student, I find myself at ea se in a diverse community. NYU is the ideal learning institution because of its outstanding faculty and research facilities. I am significantly partial to schools dedicated to excellence and professionalism. When I watch TV or read the news, its professors and researchers are often interviewed and their opinions are considered as reputable. Many business and social documentaries come from NYU and its faculty members. In addition, NYU teachers publish in peer-reviewed journals. This improves their credibility as sources of expert knowledge and skills. I seek to learn in a challenging academic environment, and I believe that NYU offers these cognitive challenges through its exceptional faculty, who will help develop the quality of my thinking as a business student. Finally, I want to study at NYU because it promotes a collaborative learning environment. I believe that to be successful in business, I must possess strong interaction, communication, and teamwork skills, which NYU will

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Final exam - Essay Example Some Western scholars such as Gilles Kepel and Samuel Huntington believe that Islam is on a collision course with the West the West and is inherently inimical to the modern age we live in. Scholars both Muslims and non- Muslims disagree with this notion and argue that Islamic societies just like other world cultures are influenced by traditional religions, and are therefore reacting to the global transformation that is taking place. Some of these scholars with opposing views include John Esposito, Seyyed Nasr, and Noorani among others. They further argue that the reaction is often as a result of mixture of social tensions, denials, and anger. Moreover, they argue that, Islam, just like other major religions such as Hinduism, Judaism, or Christianity, has been adopted for many causes, from modernism to traditionalism, liberalism to conservatism, which may have nothing to do with its original transcendent message of unity and equality before God. Muslims continue to increase in number and the role of Islam in global affairs is very significant to be ignored. Friction seems to be evident between Islam and the West and also with modern age (Seyyed 1). Therefore, in order to have a deeper understanding of these issues, this discussion will respond to the following questions: At this critical period in the Islamic history what issues should be explored or followed by the Muslim societies to bring programmatic changes? Explain in your own perspective of whether the Islamic world is at the surge of clashes with the West or otherwise. What issues should be explored or followed by the Muslim societies to bring programmatic changes at this critical period in the Islamic history? The history and the role of Islam in the world are undoubtedly significant. It has played major role in civilization and in developing the important tenet of religion in the world being one of the world’s major religions. Islam shaped the world history in a greater

What Are The Impacts Of An Earthquake Environmental Sciences Essay

What Are The Impacts Of An Earthquake Environmental Sciences Essay Tectonic earthquake is the most common form of earthquake that occurs in various parts of the world. The main cause for triggering an earthquake is due to the movement of different tectonic plates. The surface of earth is made up of a number of rigid parts called tectonic plates and is in continuous movement with each other. These plate movements are driven by forces deep within the earth. There are two types of tectonic earthquakes; they are (a) Inter plate earthquakes or Plate boundary earthquakes and (b) Intra plate earthquake or Mid Plate earthquakes [ASC India web] Inter plate earthquakes This type of earthquake occurs along the narrow zones that follows the boundaries of the tectonic plate. This type of earthquake is caused by the interaction of the two or more tectonic plates. There are two prominent bands of Inter-Plate boundaries in the world. One band begins from the western Mediterranean covering southern Europe, North Africa and extending through the Middle East and ending in the Himalayas. The second band is in the form of a circle around the Pacific Rim, which includes Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Kamchatka in Russia, south pacific island nations and New Zealand in the west. The eastern part of the circle includes Alaska, California, Pacific, North-West parts of United States, Western Canada, Central America, South American countries of Colombia, Peru, Chile, and Ecuador. This circum pacific band is also known as the Ring of Fire [ASC India] Intra plate earthquakes This type of earthquake occurs far from the plate boundaries and this type of earthquakes are less frequent compare to the inter plate earthquake. This type of earthquakes are also capable of releasing the same amount of energy that is released during the inter plate earthquake and this type of earthquakes are also capable of causing destruction and damage to the society and people. The energy released from this type of earthquake contributes only 1% of the annual seismic energy released globally. This type of earthquakes occur in Indian peninsula, central Indian Ocean, Central and Eastern United States, Eastern Canada, northern Europe, Australia, Brazil, Hawaii and in the Western parts of Africa. [ASC India] 2.2.2 Volcanic Earthquake Volcanic earthquakes are caused due to the volcanic activity which can cause threats like deformation of ground, cracking of ground and damage to buildings and other manmade structures. 2.2.3 Manmade Earthquake (Explosion, Collapse, Boring earth) 2.3 General Impacts of earthquake 2.3 Chapter Discussion and Conclusions 3 Resilience of Buildings 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Assessment of Building 3.3 Resilience to Structural Components of a Building 3.4 Improvisation in a Building 3.5 Chapter Discussions and Conclusions 4. Earthquake Hazard in India 4.1 Introduction India is the seventh largest country in the world covering the area of about 3,287,240  Km2 (Approx.) with the population of about 1.1 billion and it has a large area of its land which are likely to be affected by wide range of probable maximum seismic intensities. In the past 100 years the country was affected by many earthquakes in different parts, which were responsible for the loss of many lives, buildings and other man-made structures. Among the number of earthquakes that affected the country, the shallow earthquake had a magnitude of M=5.0 or more on the Richter scale, and the catastrophic earthquake that has occurred in the past had a magnitude of M=8.0 or more which struck in the areas like Kutch, Andaman Island and besides the Himalayas. This chapter discusses about damaging earthquakes that occurred in India and the main seismic regions in India. The different seismic regions are explained by illustrating the past earthquakes that occurred and its impact in the society. 4.2 Earthquake occurrences in India and the Neighborhood In the past 100 hundred years India has suffered four great earthquakes of magnitude 8.5 or more and imposing many causalities and economic loss. The earthquake which had the largest magnitude in India was recorded as M=8.7 which had its epicenter in Shillong plateau that took place in the year 1897. The other notable earthquake to mention is earthquake that took place in Sadiya region with a magnitude of M=8.6 which was so powerful that it even changed the courses of the rivers and disturbed the ground level. The below table 1 shows the list of damaging earthquakes that has occurred in India. It gives general information about the earthquake like the affected area of the earthquake, date and time of earthquake, affected areas location in latitude and longitude, magnitude of the earthquake and the number of deaths. Date (ddmmyyyy) Area Time in IST Latitude in Degrees Longitude in Degrees Magnitude M Deaths (Approximate value) 16.01.1819 Gujarat (Kutch) Mid Night 8.0 1500 26.08.1833 Bihar-Nepal 27.5 86.5 7.7 1500 12.06.1897 Assam (Shillong) 16:36 25.9 91.0 8.7 1600 08.02.1900 Kerala (Palghat) 03:11 10.7 76.7 6.0 Nil 04.04.1905 Himachal Pradesh (Kangra) 06:20 32.5 76.5 8.0 20000 03.07.1930 Assam (Dhubri) 02:33 25.8 90.2 7.1 Many 15.01.1934 Bihar-Nepal 14:13 26.6 86.8 8.3 14000 26.05.1941 Andaman 12.4 92.5 8 Many 23.10.1943 Assam 22:53 26.8 94.0 7.2 15-08-1950 Assam 19:39 28.7 96.6 8.6 1500 21.07.1956 Gujarat (Anjar) 21:02 23.3 70.0 7.0 115 28.10.1958 Uttar Pradesh (Kapkote) 30.0 80.0 6.3 Many 27.08.1960 Delhi 21:28 28.3 77.4 6.0 02.09.1963 Kashmir (Badgam) 07:04 33.9 74.7 5.5 In Hundreds 27.07.1966 Western Nepal 29.5 81.0 6.3 15.08.1966 Uttar Pradesh (Moradabad) 28.0 79.0 5.3 02.07.1967 Nicobar 9.0 93.4 6.2 11.12.1967 Maharashtra (Koyna) 04:21 17.4 73.7 6.5 200 13.04.1970 Andhra Pradesh (Bhadra-chalam) 17.6 80.6 6.5 23.03.1970 Gujarat (Broach) 07:23 21.7 72.9 5.7 30 19.01.1975 Himachal Pradesh 32.5 78.4 6.5 21.08.1988 Bihar Nepal 04:39 26.76 86.62 6.6 1003 20.10.1991 Uttar Pradesh (Uttar Kashi) 02:53 30.75 78.86 6.6 715 30.09.1993 Maharashtra (Killari) 03:55 18.07 76.62 6.3 7928 22.05.1997 Madhya Pradesh (Jabalpur) 04:23 23.1 80.1 6.0 38 29.05.1999 Uttar Pradesh (Chamoli) 00:35 30.3 79.56 6.5 63 26.01.2001 Gujarat (Kachchh or Bhuj) 08:46 23.6 69.8 7.7 13805 08.10.2005 Jammu Kashmir (Kashmir) 09:20 34.5 73.6 7.6 India-1400 Pakistan occupied Kashmir (POK)-73726 Table 1- Some Better Known damaging Earthquakes in India [IITK, book] 4.3 Main Seismic Regions The main seismic regions in India are divided into 7 seismic regions they are Kashmir and Western Himalayas Central Himalayas (including Nepal Himalayas) Northeast India Indo-Gangetic Basin and Rajasthan Cambay and the Rann of Kutch Peninsular India Andaman and Nicobar islands. These seismic regions are summarized below (1) Kashmir and Western Himalayas This region covers the states of Jammu Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and sub mountain parts of Punjab. This area has suffered a history of 180 earthquakes of magnitude M=5 or more. Kangra earthquake of April 4, 1905 had a maximum intensities of magnitude M=8.0, and it caused a large scale destruction in the area and resulted in loss of 20,000 lives, which are mainly due to the collapse of structures made of brick, stone and earthen materials. Other notable damaging earthquakes in this region are the Budgam earthquake of September 2, 1963, Anantnag earthquake of February 20, 1987, Dharmshala earthquake of April 26, 1986 and Kashmir earthquake of October 8, 2005. During the Kashmir earthquake more than 75,000 lives are lost due to the collapse of stone buildings. (2) Central Himalayas This region covers the mountain and sub mountain regions of Uttar Pradesh, sub mountain regions of Bihar and Nepal. This area has experienced more than 135 earthquakes of magnitude M=5 or more and they are mostly occurred in the eastern and western parts. The eastern side of this region has experienced a very high seismicity and the earthquake to mention in this region is Bihar-Nepal earthquake occurred on January 15, 1934 which had a magnitude of M= 8.4 and destroyed thousands of homes and 13,000 people were killed in this earthquake. The western side of this region has experienced earthquakes of magnitude from M=6 and the maximum magnitude of M=7.5 was recorded during the Dharchula earthquake in 1916. The central side of this area has not experienced any earthquakes. The most recent earthquake occurred in the central Himalaya is on August 20, 1988 with the magnitude of M=6.7 and it affected northern parts of Bihar and eastern Nepal. (3) North East India This region covers the entire Indian Territory to the east of north Bengal. This seismic region is comprises of the neighboring countries like Myanmar (Burma) and Bhutan. This region is one of the most severe seismic regions in the world, which has a history of experiencing 520 earthquakes of magnitude M=5, among which 24 earthquakes had magnitude of M=7 or more. The largest earthquake in this region is Assam earthquake of 1897 which had a magnitude of M=8.7 and is the largest earthquake ever recorded in this region. The other earthquake which has similar magnitude to Assam earthquake is the Sadiya earthquake of 1950 which had a magnitude of M=8.6. It is the only earthquake which has been rarely repeated in the world. As these earthquakes had a high magnitude it resulted in change of topographical levels, but the economic loss and loss of life was less as the population in 1897 was less and in 1950 the earthquake occurred in a less populated area. Other reasons for reduced damage of these earthquakes is that the type of construction in Assam was different to the present situation, construction during that period had a practice of using bamboo posts and Ekra (Wattle and Daub) walling was light and strong which remained undamaged during these earthquakes. The present type of construction is different from the traditional Assam type construction, where the construction materials are changed bamboo and Ekra to bricks and stones, non-engineered buildings have increased with the increase in population. As a result there is a possibility for more damages to life and property during future earthquakes. (4) Indo Gangetic Basin and Rajasthan This region covers Rajasthan, Haryana, plains of Punjab, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Bengal situated to north of the Vindhyas. This area has suffered from 110 earthquakes of magnitude of M=5 or greater are known to occur in this region. Most of the seismic activities have occurred on the Moradabad faults, Lucknow, Patna faults and the Sohna fault near Delhi. The maximum seismic activity occurred in this area is recorded as M=6.7, which shows that this is a moderate to minor seismic zone. (5) Cambay and the Rann of Kutch This region is comparatively smaller than the other regions classified here, but this region has suffered from one of the worst earthquakes in India. This region has suffered from 20 earthquakes of minimum magnitude as M=5.0 and two other earthquakes of magnitude M= 7.0 and M=8.0 this earthquake occurred in Rann of Kutch in the year 1819 by killing 2000 people and destroying the town of Bhuj. Similarly the city of Anjar was also destroyed by an earthquake in 1956. But the most destructive earthquake of this area is the recent Kachchh earthquake in January 26, 2001, which had a magnitude of M=7.7 and it resulted in the loss of 14,000 people, destroying about 230,000 buildings and damaging more than 800,000 buildings. Many reinforced concrete frame buildings were destroyed due to the impact of this earthquake. The main reason for the failure of these buildings is due to bad design and construction practice. This region is considered to be severe to moderate seismic region. (6) Peninsular India and Lakshadweep islands This region is more stable compared to other region as this region is a pre Cambrian shield and it does not have any adjacent plate boundaries. The type earthquakes occurred here are Intra plate earthquake. This region has experienced 32 earthquakes with average magnitude M= 5.0 and maximum magnitude of M=6.5. The maximum magnitude was recorded during the Koyna earthquake of 1967. Most destroying earthquake in this region is the Marathwada earthquake of M=6.4 occurred in the year 1993 which took the lives of 8000 people. As this region has experienced very less seismic activity, this area is considered to be less to moderate seismic region. (7) The Andaman Nicobar Island This region is highly seismic and has suffered from 190 earthquakes with average magnitude of M=5.0 and the maximum magnitude of M=8.1. The giant earthquake of M=8.1 occurred in the year 1941 and caused severe damages to the main town of Port Blair by damaging the civil and military installations. This area was indirectly affected during the Sumatra earthquake on December 24, 2004 which had a magnitude of M=9.3 and was the cause for the tsunami. The use of unreinforced masonry in this area is increasing with the rise in population, from which it is evident that the risk of more damages in the future events. 4.4 The Seismic Hazard Zoning Map The seismic zoning map of India has been standardized by the Bureau of Indian Standards which is given in the earthquake design resistant code of India (IS: 1893-Part 1, 2002, fig 2). According to this seismic zoning map, the seismic zones have been revised from its previous map which had 5 or 6 zones to 4 zones based on the records of seismic activity in India. The 4 seismic zones are classified on the expected probable intensities on 12 point Modified Mercalli intensity scale or Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik scale (MSK). The four seismic zones are zone 2, 3, 4 and 5. The seismic zoning map of India is given below which shows the different seismic zones in India. [Jalandhar, book] Figure Seismic Zoning Map of India Image Courtesy [http://www.mausam.gov.in/WEBIMD/images/zone_map.jpg] Zone 2 This zone has the least amount of seismic activity experienced in India and this zone is classified as the Low Damage Risk Zone. This zone is expected to have probable occurrence of MSK VI or less. The horizontal ground acceleration in this zone is 0.1 g, and this factor is considered by the Engineers in the structural designing of earthquake resistant structures. Zone 2 seismic area in India is less compared to other zones. [Jalandhar, relief, seismo, book] Zone 3 This zone has moderate amount of seismicity and this zone is classified as Moderate Damage Risk Zone. This zone is expected to have probable occurrence of MSK VII. The horizontal ground acceleration in this zone is 0.16 g or 10-20 % of gravitational acceleration. This zone covers the cities like Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Rajkot, Bhavnagar, Surat, Mumbai, Agra, Bhiwandi, Nasik, Kanpur Pune, Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Asansol, Kochi Kolkata, Varanasi, Bareilly, Lucknow, Indore, Jabalpur, Vijayawada, Dhanbad, Chennai, Coimbatore, Mangalore, Kozhikode, Trivandrum, and Andaman Nicobar islands. [Jalandhar, relief, seismo, book] Zone 4 This zone has high seismicity and this zone is classified as High Damage Risk Zone. This zone is expected to have probable occurrence of MSK VIII. The horizontal ground acceleration in this zone is 0.24 g or 20-30% of gravitational acceleration. This zone This zone covers the cities like Dehradun, New Delhi, Yamuna Nagar, Patna, Meerut, Jammu, Amritsar, and Jalandhar. [Jalandhar, relief, seismo, book] Zone 5 This zone has highest seismicity in India and this zone is classified as Very High Damage Risk Zone. This zone is expected to have probable occurrence of MSK IX or more. In this zone the area which has trap or basaltic rock are more prone to earthquakes. The horizontal ground acceleration in this zone is 0.36 or 30-40 % of gravitational acceleration and this is the peak value of gravity that is experienced during a Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE). This covers cities like Guwahati and Srinagar. Punjab, Kashmir, western Himalayas, central Himalayas, Northeast India and Rann of Kutch also fall in this zone. [Jalandhar, relief, seismo, book] Seismicity Map of India Seismicity map gives the relative frequency and distribution of earthquakes in a given zone. Below is the seismicity map of India, it clear shows the distribution of earthquakes in India and the neighborhood countries. The green stars represents the areas which has suffered from earthquakes of magnitude M=5.0 to 5.9, blue stars represent the areas which has suffered from earthquakes of magnitude of M=6.0 to 6.9, pink stars represent the areas which has suffered from earthquakes of magnitude M= 7.0 to 7.9, red stars represent the areas which had suffered from earthquakes of magnitude M= 8.0 to 8.9., and yellow stars represent the areas suffered from earthquakes of magnitude M= 9.0 or above. C:UsersSalahudeenDesktopseismicity_map.jpg Figure Seismicity Map of India [http://www.mausam.gov.in/WEBIMD/images/seismicity_map.jpg] 4.5 Damaging Effects of Earthquake Earthquakes can cause damage to the society and indirectly affect the economy of the country. Earthquakes are the greatest destroyers of man-made structures like buildings, power plants, bridges, dams etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Generally when a person thinks about the effects of an earthquake, ground shaking comes to a persons mind, but ground shaking is not the only effects of an earthquake; there are possibilities for other natural hazards like landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis. These hazards are directly related to earthquake, as they are caused due to direct impact of an earthquake. Other possible hazards are cracking of dam walls which can cause leakage of water and causing flood, falling of electricity poles can cause live wires to be exposed and can trigger a fire, damage of underground gas pipelines and can trigger a fire, damage of underground water pipelines this could be difficult in case of controlling fire. [UWIE seismic] Some of the possible damaging effects of an earthquake are shown in the flowchart below (fig 3). An earthquake can cause two events like surface rupture or seismic waves. The surface of the earth ruptures during an earthquake, which shifts the surface and causes the building to collapse, resulting in personal injury or loss of life and loss of properties. If the surface rupture takes place in the ocean it produces a sea wave/tsunami and can cause flooding in the nearby coastal areas. Seismic waves created as a result of earthquake causes the surface of earth to shift. Surface shifts can lead to dynamic settlement of rock wedge or soil liquefaction and cause damages to manmade structures. Surface shifts can cause slope movements on the path of river and creating a barrier to form a natural dam and cause flooding in the nearby area. Surface shifts can directly affect the buildings and structures and cause fire or flood. It is clear that earthquake does not kill people, other events whi ch are triggered due to earthquake only kills, so measures should be taken to withstand or overcome the following events of an earthquake. [Book] Tidal Waves or Tsunami Figure 3 Flow chart of damaging effects of an earthquake [book] Impact on Man/Society Personal injury Loss of belongings Psychological effects Sociological effects Overall earthquake effects Floods Non Structural Damage Collapse of structural components / fire/ flood (e.g. by dam break) Damage to building structures Natural river Damming Damage to building structures Slope Movement Primary effects Near Surface Shift Near Surface Shift Dynamic Settlement, Soil Liquefaction Coastal Floods Damage to building structures Near Surface Shift Near Surface Shift Near Surface Shift Seismic Waves Surface Rupture Earthquake of Magnitude M = 5- 8.7 Geologic effects of Ground Shaking During an earthquake a person can observe the shaking of the ground, the shaking duration depends on the size of the earthquake i.e. its magnitude, distance from epicenter, amplitude, location and its regional geology. Shaking of ground can cause the structure to collapse, shaking of ground also depends on the type of soil, if the soil is soft and loose the shaking will be more, (see fig.4) if the soil is tight and compactly packed the shaking will be less. It is important to make sure that the structures are built on hard ground or on the hard rock. If there is a need to build structure on the soft surface, it has to be compacted before constructing. The epicenter of an earthquake also depends on the duration of shaking, nearer the epicenter more the duration of shaking. Ground shaking also depends on the amplitude; amplitude will be high with increase in the size of the earthquake. [Geology] C:UsersSalahudeenDesktopCapture3.JPG Figure Regional Geology of Shaking [geology] Figure [Landslides]Landslides and liquefactionC:UsersSalahudeenDesktoplandslide.JPG Landslides are defined as the mass movement of rock, debris or earth down a slope due to gravity, they can occur on any terrain with suitable conditions of soil, moisture, and the angle of slope. Landslides can be triggered by rains, floods, earthquakes, volcanoes, and other man made causes like grading, terrain cutting and filling etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Manmade structures are not the only affected due to stress of the seismic waves, natural structures like mountain slopes and hillsides also fail due to the stress of the seismic waves. In India the most vulnerable regions for landslides are Himalayas and Western Ghats. [Landslides 1, 2] In the below fig.5 is a graph showing the cumulative number of fatalities since September 2002 in India and China. The number of deaths caused due to the earthquake induced landslides is clearly shown which approximates 40,000 fatalities during both the Kashmir earthquake and Wenchuan earthquake. [Landslides] Tsunamis Figure Tsunami InitiationTsunami is a Japanese term that means harbor wave, they are generally confused with tidal waves but they both are different. Tsunamis are caused by a sudden vertical offset in the ocean floor triggered by underwater earthquakes, undersea landslides and undersea volcanic deformation. The sudden offset of the ocean floor changes the elevation of the ocean and initiates a water wave that travels outward from the region of sea-floor disruption which is shown in fig 6.C:UsersSalahudeenDesktoptsu 3.png In 26 December, 2004, a tsunami wave hit the countries situated around the Bay of Bengal. The tsunami wave was triggered by an earthquake of magnitude M=8.9 which had its epicenter in the west coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. The damage of this tsunami in India almost affected 876 villages in south India with an area of 4000 hectares and it affected population of 3.5 million. [Tsunami] It is clear that the number of people died as a result of an earthquake is less when compared to the deaths caused by the triggering events following an earthquake. 4.6 Earthquake Prediction 4.7 Earthquake Hazard risk to Urban Areas 4.8 Chapter Discussions and Conclusions 5. Earthquake Resistant Structure 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Classification of Seismic Designs 5.3 Comparison of Seismic practices in India and Abroad 5.4 Chapter Discussion and Conclusion 6. Case Study Bhuj Earthquake 6.1 Introduction and Methodology 6.1.1Case Study as Research Methodology 6.1.2 Case Study Design 6.2 Damage Assessment 6.3 Factors influenced the earthquake damage 6.3.1 Type of Building Construction 6.3.2Quality of materials 6.3.3 Liquefaction 6.4 Chapter Discussion and Conclusion 7. Discussions 8. Conclusion