Religions Aggressive Attitude Regarding Art and Science

Religions aggressive attitude regarding art and science While many have been inclined to consider that science and religion complement each-other, things were different several centuries ago when people considered that it was irresponsible for someone to dare to put across scientific thinking that was in disagreement with religious legislations. Christian fundamentalism is responsible for a great deal of conflicts, taking into account that fundamentalists lobby in regard to how God created the world in six days and concerning how society emerged as a consequence of the fact that a couple was cheated by a talking snake. Even with this, religion has started to express more accepting attitudes concerning science during the recent years. Although the masses are inclined to look at art as if it were something innovative and eccentric, some of historys greatest artists were forced to perform works that were related to religion. Individuals like Michelangelo and Botticelli had to create artwork that was in accordance with the periods religious thinking and that would practically promote the concept of religion. In contrast to religion, science did not attempt to impose its perspective on art and it can actually be said that artists are appreciative with regard to technology. Michelangelo, for example, did not necessarily want to portray religious figures as they were imagined by religious history and he struggled to create them as real as possible. This was actually one ofShow MoreRelatedGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesour problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology e. Genetic modification f. Right tech for wrong reasons 3. Arts/Culture a. Arts have a future in Singapore? b. Why pursue Arts? c. Arts and technology d. Uniquely Singapore: Culture 4. Environment a. Developed vs. Developing b.Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesNikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art Director: Kenny Beck Text and Cover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management:

Weimar Germany †The effects of the Depression Free Essays

A-1) By 1928, the economies of the world had become very interdependent on each other. Through the Dawes and young plan, Germany greatly relied on American loans to keep their economy running smoothly. When the Wall Street crash took place in 1929, it had disastrous effects on Germany as their economy was so dependent on American loans. We will write a custom essay sample on Weimar Germany – The effects of the Depression or any similar topic only for you Order Now This intern also affected Germany politically. The impact on Germany was disastrous. The depression caused major unemployment; jobs were being lost due to all the factories and industries being shutdown. In 1930 there were two million people who were unemployed but day by day the numbers kept increasing, resulting in six million people being unemployed between 1931-1933. Apart from unemployment banks collapsed and were unwilling to give out loans, the Americans wanted their money back. The loans given to Germany by American were short termed and called in quick, quicker than they could manage to repay them. All the economic prosperity in Germany was dying out. The Americans along with asking for their money back withdrew all their investments from Germany, this affected trade and exports. Exports fell from 630 mil pounds to 280 mil pounds causing the economy to falter even further down. The drastic economic affects the depression had on Germany soon began to create wavering in the government of the Weimar. Due to the horrifying rates of unemployment, jobless men were turning towards more extremist political parties like the Nazis and the communists as they had immediate solutions to the problems the current government could not fix. 55% of all working class recruits who joined the Nazi party from 1930-33 were unemployed and there were 1300 Nazi Party demonstrations during 1930, The Nazi Party benefited most from this slump. Ultimately creating substantial revival of extremism. Austere measures taken by Bruning also resulted in the unemployed being driven towards extremist parties as he was focused on removing burdens of reparations and tackled Germany’s domestic problems with orthodox, deflationary economic tactics which reduced social service and unemployment benefits when they were needed the most. This was done to try and get the international community to cancel their debts. Germany’s economy was suffering though the USA introduced the ‘new deal policy’ to sort out the mess they had created but to do so put them selves into economic isolation for a period of time. Other than that, the depression led to dramatic growth of influence for those parties that offered extreme solutions to contemporary problems, while playing a very important role in Hitler becoming chancellor. How to cite Weimar Germany – The effects of the Depression, Papers

Years on movement free essay sample

And as the years go by he gains more knowledge and is slowly transforming into the man he is to become in the future. Through all these stages his hands are his tools, as a child he takes in information by playing using his hands and the material then later on he gains knowledge through work. The importance of movement is that it allows the child to build his muscle development i. e. his fine and gross motor skills; he makes his muscles stronger and allows them to do more work for a longer period of time. It also builds his physical strength and stamina. It allows the child to store images in is mind and allows him to store his experiences; the child can develop his speech and his understanding. Movement stimulates his senses especially at the early childhood level; the work is designed to draw the childs attention to the sensory properties 0T tne materlals sucn as slze, texture, color, snape, welgnt, tne sound It makes. We will write a custom essay sample on Years on movement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As he grows he learns to pay more attention and looks at thing more clearly especially small objects or details in the environment that attracts his attention and this allows him to appreciate and learn through the environment and his hands, it lso build his concentration level as he can concentrate on one material for a long period of time and he sort of closes the world at that moment and gives in all his attention to the chosen material. As he learns o work on his own on the materials whether they are hard or easy, he gains independence as he does not rely on the teacher to be there with him every step of the way, when the teacher encourages the child to move about, allows him to develop and make his skills stronger, and allow him to make mistakes and learn, if a child falls he has to learn to get up himself dust off and carry on doing the activity he does. He builds up his self confidence through movement he feels that he can achieve what he wants if he Just tries hard and teachers need to motivate them so that they succeed. And builds up his higher self- esteem and with that comes greater ability to take charge if situations and to feel more secure, he develops confidence also through agility, balance and coordination. Development of discipline does not Just occur; it is the teachers or parents Job to show them how to be disciplined. This can happen only when the child is able to concentrate on an object for a long period of time and is so engrossed in it that he oes not know what is going on around him, this exercise should have a control of error, by engaging in such activities the child relaxes his mind, becomes calm, happy and is very busy this makes the child a disciplined child. Development of will comes after development of concentration and this includes various activities that encourage interaction between child and environment, the child has to make the decision himself and take control of his actions.

Billion Spent on Training and Development

Questions: Required to present information about the home and host countries of your allocated company based on your desk/secondary research of both countries. This should include collecting data on the following issues: 1. The major national cultural and institutional characteristics of both parent and host countries. 2. Human Resource Management (HRM) and other employee-related values and practices (e.g. performance oriented; participative leadership style, etc..) of both home and host countries. Answers: Introduction In this era where there is a lot of cut throat competition in International Market, acquisitions and mergers have to be done carefully. Culture-focused for understanding culture is too necessary (Mooij M. and Hofstede G., 2010). All of this requires a great extensive research on all the parameters that of major national cultural and institutional characteristics along with the HRM practices. The business and trade between China and USA has been emerging fast and the various negotiations on businesses have been frequent thus here a comparison on the same for an American (USA) telecommunication company taking over a firm in China. With GLOBE Model (Venaik S. and Brewer, P. A., 2008) and Hofstede Model (Hofstedes (1980, 1984)) in consideration, this research has been carried out so that a company which belongs to telecommunication sector in US can actually get to know the business culture of China. (Hofstede G. 1984) (Hofstede G. 1980) Comparing America and China on national cultural and institutional characteristics and various HR practices (Venaik S. and Brewer, P. A. 2008) GLOBE MODEL: (The GLOBE Study 2004) GLOBE is a long-term study effort designed to explore the complex nature and effects of culture on leadership, effectiveness of the organization etc. along with the condition of human resource involved (House et al., 2004) and also in international business. (Fredrie W. Rohm Jr., 2010). HOFSTEDE MODEL: Geert Hofstede has explored every kind of cultural dimension in more than 70 companies of IBM. The survey which was conducted twice around 1968 and around 1972 developed a model that identifies five primary Dimensions: Power Distance (PDI), Individualism (IDV), Masculinity (MAS), and Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI), Long-Term Orientation (LTO). Neo- liberalism V/s Marxist Here the home country i.e., the U.S.A is Neo- liberalism. Whereas China is Socialist and Marxist. (Cyert R., and March J. 1963) Neoliberal theory asserts that a largely free capitalist system not only symbolizes the model of free individual choice but also achieves best economic performance in terms of competence, economic growth, technical development, and organizational justice. Here U.S.A. being the neo- liberalist country has always achieves the best performance as far as the economic growth is concerned. In countries such as China, many experiments are happening with forms of enterprises and many involve significant degrees of worker involvement and self-governance. Thus here if we see in order to make sure that the country progresses, China makes sure that the work gets done by equal participation from the workers. (Schweickart, D. 2002) Approaches to Relationships (In group collectivism, power distance index, institutional collectivism) In America, the colleagues may rarely go to clubs together and attend the office party in order to know each other personally. And more in detail it can be said that Americans dont essentially mix, or want to socialize with their people at work outside work. Generally people keep their personal and professional lives different. (Hofstede G 1982) On the other hand, Chinese people are most satisfied with trust and thus try to foster the same. They try knowing personally the people they work with. In the Chinese culture, trust is crucial in building the confidence needed in business partners. Moreover knowing about your business partner in details and following the business etiquettes is quite necessary because endowing now in the guanxi can actually pay big business bonuses later. (Venaik S. and Brewer, P. A. 2008) Moving at Different Paces (Performance Orientation, Human Orientation, Future Orientation) Americans put a premium on being efficient, frank and getting things done quickly. In Chinese culture, its very difficult to manage with the slow place they work at. (Lewis, R. 2014) Perceptions of Hierarchy (Gender Egalitarianism) Chinese have a solider respect for hierarchy and etiquette than Americans. But when Chinese have Americans working at higher positions, they show respect irrespective of gender. (Owens, C.W. 2007) Comparison of Business Culture: China vs. US Business culture - time-tested and conservative practices China and US have a different business culture -- result of different history and practices they have had (Fredrie W. Rohm Jr. 2010) Notion of Harmony China (Masculinity) Everything is in harmony and change is viewed as troublesome because of the population they have US (Masculinity) Efficiency and effectiveness is must and end result is the main important thing Logical reasoning on facts (Hofstede G., and Hofstede G.J. 2005) Individualism and Collectivism China always has four important social groups: relatives, schoolmates, personal friends. There is a lot of importance of guanxi (connection). Also privacy is not highly valued and individualism is not singled out US constitution guarantees the rights and thus a great stress on individualism for personal achievement and thus more towards individualism in the Hofstedes Model. Relatively few norms. In US its generally separate personal and business relationship and friendship can be formed and melted quickly. (Mooij M., and Hofstede G. 2010) Communication Style China has a reflection to silence and this not to exaggerate which has direct implications on marketing of a product in that country. In US, there is an uncomfortable style with gaps of silence. Moreover there is a lot of exaggeration. Thus so has to be the way of marketing. (Pitta D. 1999) HRM Practices: In this world where there is a lot of change in the International market, thus a lot has been changed when it comes down to hiring people and working for the corporates in the International market. (McCrae R. R., Terracciano A., Realo A., and Allik J. 2008) Selection of employees: In USA, employers tend to use personal interviews more for selection. The personnel selection procedures in US starts with individuals capability and technical precondition for the job they are doing selection. Thereafter work experience plays an important role. In China employers give importance to test scores and are the top criteria of assessment in the selection processes. (Thomas, S. Scroggins, W. 2008) Performance Appraisal/ Orientation: The USAs outlook is quite individualistic here and result oriented and thus employees productivity is quite important. For example, employers in America tend to rank pay for appraising performance. In China on the other hand this technique is too trivial as the Chinese managers place greater importance on ethical characteristics, loyalty and obedience. Thus this leads to low amount of feedback in the same. (Gao, G. 2015) Training and Development: In USA, training expenditures per employee amount to a great amount where as in other countries is not that substantial. (ATD Staff 2013) US organizations assign longer duration of hours in training per year in comparison to the ones in China. Corporate Governance: U.S.A. - the outsider system of corporate governance is considered by wide dispersed ownership. Here only the shareholders value is the main goal. (Kkl, A.2008) By 2000, of the key pillars in the U.S.A. outsider model of corporate governance were okay and predictable and it was a benchmark for good practices. Shareholder engagement would be completed by all the institutional stockholders. (Jackson, G. 2010) China- Outsider where shareholders are considered mainly. China has always been celebrating hard work and achievements. To succeed in China, the companies has to really work hard because they face a lot competition from the domestic market and to reach at the top.And in the long run shareholders value is kept in the loop. (Jackson, E 2011) Compensation: With balance sheet approach in US, this will be mostly covering all the premiums, hardship allowances and protects them from various cost differences. In China, the compensation gives a lot of security to the employees as compared with the one in USA. As in China it works on carrying out various calculations as per the varying compensations. Like with the result of inflation, variations in the prices. (Conyon He 2011) HR Culture: Time is money for people in US and thus they have the people deemed to encourage risk taking behavior. Also the decisions related to business are taken in high speed. In China, here is low individualism and high collectivism and a tendency towards group orientation thus the team will always be working in teams. U.S. managers are task-oriented, rather than boss-oriented. To the Chinese hierarchal position is quite important. U.S. employees need cultural training to understand the significance of the cultural differences so they can adapt themselves accordingly. (Cheng Seeger 2012) Conclusion Hofstede Culture Model and GLOBE In both GLOBE Model and Hofstede Model, China has a higher score than US in Long term orientation. Also China is a collectivist and US is more on individualism. Thus here we can talk about legal obligations in a country like China whereas its easy in US. When critically assessing the HRM systems in USA due to indifferences in culture. Thus its evident to say that the employees perceptions about the culture and HR is quite different and thus before entering into the business, everything should be taken into consideration. There is a lot of difference in terms of every kind of practice in terms of business and lot has been changed in the past few years reading the way business is done. Thus as a consultant to the USA telecommunications company, I would say its possible to do business in China only if its done in the way they like it. Because the home country has to also abide by the rules of host country. References ATD Staff.2013.$164.2 Billion Spent on Training and Development by U.S. Companies Conyon, M. He, L. 2011. Executive Compensation and Corporate Governance in China. Centers, Institutes, Programs at DigitalCommon Cheng, S. Seeger, M. 2012. Cultural Differences and Communication Issues in International Mergers and Acquisitions: A Case Study of BenQ Debacle. International Journal of Business and Social Science Cyert R., and March J. 1963. A behavioral theory of the firm. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Fredrie W. Rohm Jr. 2010. American and Arab Cultural Lenses. Inner Resources for Leaders, School of Global Leadership Entrepreneurship, Regent University, Virginia Beach. Gao, G. 2015. How do Americans stand out from the rest of the world? Hofstede G (1982)Cultures consequences. Sociology, 1982, 9(2), 556 Hofstede G. 1980 Cultures consequences: Institutional Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Hofstede G. 1984. Cultures consequences: Institutional Differences in Work-Related Values. Abridged Edition. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Hofstede G. 2001. Cultures consequences (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Hofstede G., and Hofstede G.J. 2005. Cultures and Organizations. Software of the Mind (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Hofstede G.2010. The GLOBE debate: Back to relevance. Journal of International Business Studies, 41,13391346. Kkl, A.2008. Corporate Governance Systems: Shareholders Versus Stakeholders Viewed on 28 February 2016 https://www.internationallawoffice.com/Newsletters/Company-Commercial/Turkey/Bener-Law-Office/Corporate-Governance-Systems-Shareholders-Versus-Stakeholders Lewis, R. 2014.How Different Cultures Understand Time. Business Insider. Viewed on 1 March 2016 https://www.businessinsider.com/how-different-cultures-understand-time-2014-5?IR=T Jackson, G.2010.Understanding Corporate Governance in the United States. Arbeitspapier 223 Jackson, E. 2011. Why Corporate Governance is So Important to China. Forbes. Viewed on 1 March 2016 https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericjackson/2011/07/06/why-corporate-governance-is-so-important-to-china/#618ab0927581 Culture, Leadership, and Organizations. The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies. 2004. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. McCrae R. R., Terracciano A., Realo A., and Allik J. 2008. Interpreting GLOBE Societal Practices Scales. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 805-810. Mooij M., and Hofstede G.2010. The Hofstede model Applications to global branding and advertising strategy and research. International Journal of Advertising, 29, 85-110. Owens, C.W. 2007. Hmong Cultural Profile. EthnoMed. Viewed on 1 March 2016 https://ethnomed.org/culture/hmong/hmong-cultural-profile Pitta D. 1999.Ethical issues across cultures: managing the differing perspectives of China and the USA. Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 16 No. 3 1999, Pp. 240-256 MCB University Press, 0736-3761 Schweickart, D.2002. Ten Theses on Marxism and the Transition to Communism Thomas, S. Scroggins, W. 2008. Psychological Testing in Personnel Selection: Contemporary Issues in Cognitive Ability and Personality Testing. Journal of Business Inquiry Venaik S. and Brewer, P. A. 2008. Contradictions in national culture: Hofstede vs GLOBE. In: Cantwell, J. and Kiyak, T.. 50th Annual Meeting of the Academy of International Business (AIB), 50, 274-274. Milan, Italy.

Ivy League Sample College Essay - Need Help?

Ivy League Sample College Essay - Need Help?Ivy League school is one of the most prestigious schools in the United States. The program of studying there is not only about academics, but it includes the opportunity to have an advantage in many fields, and also offers a good scope for networking opportunities.Career and college essays are an important aspect of your education. In fact, a high school student can finish his studies of arts, sciences, and humanities without ever having to write a single essay. However, a college student who intends to get a degree or a certificate from the Ivy League school needs to plan to write one or two essays during his time in college. Just like a job application, the college student should plan his essay on a specific topic, design the topic and format, create the outline, and get as much help as possible from friends and teachers.Usually, college essays are put together by the school itself. Each year, the students present a sample essay. These ar e usually titled 'A New Way of Thinking About an Old Idea,' 'Changing Your College Essay,' 'The Power of Acknowledging the Power of the Past,' 'Moving From Theory to Practice,' 'Collaborative Writing', 'Outline and Emphasis of the Essay,' 'Articulate Essay Structure,' 'Answering the Questions,' 'Three Essay Topics to Consider,' 'Professionalism,' 'Motivation and Focus,' 'Consistency,' 'Learning Styles,' 'Personal Development'Use of Research Sources.' Students usually ask the advice of their parents or close friends. However, in most cases, they have to get the help of an essay writer.The essay writer is the person who takes the entire process of writing college essays from beginning to end. He will sit down with the students and design the entire essay based on their ideas and suggestions. Once the writer has prepared the entire essay, he will give it to the college students for their final review. The college students will then be asked to choose among several topics for which they have to write an essay. The college students will also be given suggestions on how to address different topics in their essay.Students may find it difficult to get students in their circle for college essay help. The best way to get the right individuals for your essay is to choose a group that has no members that you know. Your college life will turn out to be much easier, as long as you find an appropriate group.The college essay is an important part of a student's education. Many students do not manage to finish their studies because of the negative things that occur in their lives. If they have to do the writing part alone, they might not get a chance to relax and enjoy themselves, even if it is just for a little while.College students should never compromise on their education. They should take the care of their minds very seriously. Even if it means putting more of their time and effort in studying, they should avoid slacking off. Also, they should not miss out on any part of their studies. Such things could affect their academic career.

The Global Corporation and Social Responsibility Multinational Decision Making and International Values

Table of Contents Introduction Literature review Similarities of the writer’s observations Differences of the writer’s observations Recommendations and writers contributions Conclusion References Introduction Scientific inventions and innovations have resulted in better transport and communication systems; the improved systems have resulted to social, economic, and political ideologies integration. The integrations have seen the development of multinationals. When operation across the board, decisions made by the multinationals should be acceptable and ethical in the eyes of the host country and the international community; they should work towards maintaining international values and virtues.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Global Corporation and Social Responsibility: Multinational Decision Making and International Values specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the recognized needs that m ultinationals should maintain international values and ethical behavior, what is ethical vary among different communities and countries, the challenge comes when a managers of multinationals come from a different social background thus having an ethical algorithm that is accepted in how country and host country becomes a challenge. This paper compares three articles that address the issue of ethical behavior of multinationals; when comparing the materials, the paper will elaborate on the ideas that are commensurate and any differences in views. In the discussion part, the paper will give the writer’s contribution to the matter. Literature review According to Thomas Donaldson in the article â€Å"Rights in the Global Market†, 1990 businesses operate in environments where they benefit from communities around and far away from the point of business of the company; the success of a business is dependent on how well it is performing in its operating environment. The article suggest that when operating in a different country, there are laws, legislation, and business expectations that the host country expect to be done, for example in the United States, child labor is highly protected and this is supported by international labor laws, the age limit for the country ranges from 16 years. In other countries, emphasis on child labor may not be as much and their focus is in other areas like dumping. In the article the writer is of the opinion that when operating in international market, the company should invest in knowing the legal, social, and economic frameworks that operate in the country (Donaldson, 1990). In the article â€Å"Decision Making Reconciling International Values†, Thomas Donaldson echoes the word in the article â€Å"Rights in the Global Market†, but from a different angle; in this article the writer looks at an international environment where issues and matters are controlled by international norms and values addressed by in ternational conventions, protocols, and agreements.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The focus on the article is that multinationals when making decisions have to consider their operating environment and create a situation of mutual benefit among them economy of operation and the multinational. The article advocate for observation of business values, and corporate citizenship; corporate citizenship is concerned with truth, Consultants fairness and justice and accounting ethics pertains to the code that guides the professional conduct of aspects such as the expectations of society and customers, social responsibility, consumer autonomy and corporate behavior in the home country as well as abroad (Donaldson, 1985). According to Nien-he-Hsieh first and second half articles called â€Å"Does Business Have A Responsibility To Promote Just Institutions† , the writer is of th e opinion that multinationals gets their profits from businesses secured from the external environments; it is thus ethical to give back to the society; giving back creates a close relationship between customers and business. On pages 259-262, the writer acknowledges that in every institution, there is a certain system of operation which is controlled by institutions. From the onset, a family is seen as the smallest institution in an economy and other institutions comes from the small unit other institutions operating in the economy emerge. With the understanding of the institutions, multinationals should be able to make decisions that rhythm with the expectations of different institutions. They should look into legal, political and social aspects that prevail in the economy. In pages 265-267, the writer suggest that to facilitate the growth of good relations, multinationals should embrace corporate citizenship actions like social corporate responsibilities: social corporate respons ibilities are policies enacted by an organization for the benefit of the society; thought they are strategic marketing tools, the main concern of managers when undertaking the exercise is to benefit and improve the welfare of the communities; in this context, community members include business customers among other societal members (Nien-hà ª, 2009). Similarities of the writer’s observations Although the writers have taken different approaches in discussing the topic, they seem to have a number of similarities; both the writers acknowledge that different countries have their way of living, thus there is need for multinationals not to challenge the system but to work to be in harmony with the system. Secondly, both the writers feel that there is need for multinationals to observe professionalism and good motive; when they venture in a country, they should not get to the market with the intention of ruining the economy or self benefit; they need to understand there should be m utual benefit of the parties involved.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Global Corporation and Social Responsibility: Multinational Decision Making and International Values specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Globalization has brought issues of political and social dimensions in decision-making; when managers are making decisions, they have been forced to consider the effects that the decision will have on the social, political and environmental dimensions of the global population. For example, when selling in international market, managers should have culture intelligence tools and use it when making decisions. When the world has joined efforts, then there are changes in the business world. The business environment created by globalization call for managers to have a wide knowledge of current business trends; they should consider things from a global perspective when making business decisions. Both writers acce pt that cultural influences and way of life have an effect on multinational decision making; what is ethical is defined by the culture that exists in a certain area. If somebody or a company is doing something, then the entire population needs to be comfortable with the actions/decisions and the outcomes of the decisions made. No part of the larger population that should be injured at the expense of another; the notion follows the norm theory perspective. This theory places some relevance to the culture that a certain society holds; the business should be in line with the culture of the society. This will determine the success of the business. The set of beliefs and the way people do things is of importance to the entire performance of the business. If the society believes that doing something is right, then a wise investor is the one who does things in line with this belief. He should at all times ensure that the business is in line with the culture. Other than culture, religion is another aspect that an ethically conducted business should consider; at-least an investor should be aware of the level of influence that he is going to get from the business environs. If religion influences the action of a society, the best way to conduct business is in line with the culture and religion. For example if an investor wants to set up a pork butchery and goes ahead to start one in a Muslim society, the business is more likely to fail. This is because the norm of the religion, which happens to go in line with their culture, does not consider the business as ethical. What is ethical is sometimes defined by the people themselves. Differences of the writer’s observations As much as the writers are discussing and supporting the same ideology, there are some perceived differences in their approach. Thomas Donaldson seems to be more concerned on how managers (expatriates) should understand the environment they are operating on to facilitate making effective decisions.A dvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, Nien-he-Hsieh seems to respect the institutions made by a community and tends to advocate that despite using expatriates, there is need to have locals as part of the management as they are more likely to offer sound advice to facilitate better decision making. Nien-he-Hsieh observes that people have built their institutions for a long period thus an outsider can get it wrong when making decisions aimed at going well with the institutions framework. However, Thomas Donaldson calls for prior knowledge and doing things in line with international standards of acceptable behavior. Recommendations and writers contributions The pace of globalization and the benefits it has brought in the international community supports that it will continue to prevail; international trade as a pillar of globalization need to be managed effectively for economic social, and political well being of nations. With multinationals operating in different countries, there is need for developing international ethical standards and codes to be applicable to all companies in the world. With advances in information communication technology, it will be easy to internationalize and communicate these standards and codes. There is a precedent to go by, The International Accounting Standards Board, has been able to develop international financial preparation and reporting standards that are being used all over the world today in preparing financial statements by companies worldwide. They were previously not applicable in American companies, but since the recent corporate sea is, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is requiring that they be made applicable to American companies too. With globalization, information can be shared and dispersed easily among nations. Innovators get a platform for borrowing ideas to assist them in their inventions. This can be from previous records where they are able to analysis them and extra the useful ones. Multinationals are frameworks thro ugh which resources utilization and globalization trade on; they have opened countries to trade together. Multinationals should understand that globalization has enabled people to know their rights; people are aware of the quality that they should be getting for a certain product. The rights of human beings have been protected by globalization and thus businesses are compelled to act ethically in this effect. There are some set rules that are followed by trading countries; this is rules that protect and set the way of doing business. There are some set rules that affect the way a certain business was conducted and thus unethical issues that had been practiced by some companies come out. An example of this is the way products are marketed, the way products are advertised and issues about pollution. It is after globalization was taken into place that a meeting was conducted Copenhagen to discus about atmospheric pollution. Many companies have been polluting the environment but the cas e came out clear after the meeting although it was not come out with successful solutions. Equity distribution; with globalization every country was able to understand how it resources were to be distributed. This was not the case initially and thus with the globalization it came clear of the oppression of that colonists have had on the less developed. Other than looking things from an international angle, management of multinationals have some part to play when making decisions as well as maintaining international values, they should understand the environment they are orating on and make decisions that rhythm with the demands of the particular environment. They are the drivers of the multinationals thus they have the role of bridging the gap to attain corporate citizenship (Nien-hà ª, 2009). Conclusion Thomas Donaldson and Nien-he-Hsieh in their articles of multinationals decision making are of the opinion that multinational leaders should make decisions that reinforce values, no rms, and ethics. The writers acknowledge that different societies have different values and norms, thus they advice leaders to be aware of the values and forge their decisions to fit the values and norms. However, the leaders should ensure that they don’t confront international human rights and fundamental freedoms. References Donaldson, T.  (1985).  Multinational Decision-Making:  Reconciling International  values. Journal of Business Ethics, 4 (4):357 – 366. Donaldson,  T. (1991). Rights in the global market. New York: Oxford University press. Nien-hà ª, H. (2009).  Does  Global  Business Have a Responsibility to Promote Just Institutions?,  Business  Ethics Quarterly, 19(2): 251-273. This essay on The Global Corporation and Social Responsibility: Multinational Decision Making and International Values was written and submitted by user Daisy Doyle to help you with your own studies. 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Why Democracy is Better Than Autocracy For Economic Development

Why Democracy is Better Than Autocracy For Economic Development Free Online Research Papers Why Democracy is Better Than Autocracy For Economic Development Why, according to Olson, is democracy better than autocracy for economic development? What are the implications for your answer for the contrasting economic experiences of China and Western Europe since the late Middle Ages? In the essay â€Å"Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development†, Mancur Olson proposes a theory of how economic growth is related to the development of democracy. Using rational-choice theory as the basis of his argument, he concludes that â€Å"[t]he conditions necessary for a lasting democracy are the same necessary for the security of property and contract rights that generates economic growth† . Thus, Olson does not claim a causal relationship between democracy and economic growth, but that democracy and sustained growth – requiring the same set of institutions – will occur simultaneously. Olson’s theory may provide an explanation for why the Chinese economy under Qing rule (1644-1912) experienced no intensive growth at all, whilst per capita income during the same period in Western Europe more than quadrupled. This essay will outline the key features of Olson’s argument in the context of China and Western Europe at this time. By contrast ing the gradual emergence of democracy in Europe after the fall of medieval feudalism with the autocratic bureaucracy prevailing in China throughout the Qing dynasty, it will be argued that Olson’s theory is indeed applicable, yet not sufficient, for explaining the contrasting economic experiences of China and Western Europe since the late Middle Ages. Research Papers on Why Democracy is Better Than Autocracy For Economic DevelopmentBringing Democracy to AfricaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeDefinition of Export QuotasInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Relationship between Media Coverage and Social andComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoWhere Wild and West MeetHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay